㈠ 化學方面的論文，有中英文對照的，1000字左右的就行
一、溶膠是怎樣的概念
膠體從外觀上看貌似均勻，與溶液沒什麼差異，因此膠體常稱為溶膠。溶膠與膠體是同一個概念。
二、對澱粉、蛋白質等高分子溶於水形成的分散系，為什麼有時稱其為溶液，有時又稱其為膠體
教材中是按分散質微粒直徑的大小來給分散系分類的。澱粉、蛋白質等高分子溶於水形成的分散系可稱為膠體。但是判斷一種分散系是屬於膠體還是溶液，單從分散質微粒直徑的大小這一方面來考察，其結論是不全面的，甚至是錯誤的。正確判斷一種分散系是溶液還是膠體，還要看分散質微粒的結構。如果分散質微粒的結構簡單，比如是單個的分子或較小聚合度的分子或離子，那麼這樣的分散系應稱為溶液。由於澱粉、蛋白質溶於水後都是以單個分子的形式分散在水中的，因此，盡管這些高分子很大，這些分散系仍應稱為溶液。只是因為高分子的大小與膠粒相仿，高分子溶液才具有膠體的一些特性，如擴散慢、不通過半透膜、有丁達爾現象等。化學上常把Fe（OH）3，AgI等難溶於水的物質形成的膠體稱為憎液膠體，簡稱溶膠；而把澱粉、蛋白質等易溶於水的物質形成的分散系稱為親液膠體，更多地是稱為高分子溶液。
三、溶液是均一的，膠體也均一嗎
憎液溶膠的分散質微粒是由很大數目的分子構成，因此是不均一的；高分子溶液中的分散質微粒是單個的分子，因此是均一的。
四、膠體能在較長時間內穩定存在的原因是什麼
憎液溶膠的膠粒帶有相同的電荷，由於同性電荷的排斥作用而使憎液膠體可以穩定存在。澱粉、蛋白質等高分子中含有多個極性基團（如—COOH，—OH，—NH2等），可以與水高度溶劑化（高分子表面形成水膜），因此也可較長時間穩定存在。很明顯，這兩類膠體穩定存在的原因是不同的。
五、溶液中的溶質微粒也作布朗運動嗎
膠體微粒在各個方向上都受到分散劑分子的撞擊，由於這些作用力不同，所以膠體微粒作布朗運動。溶液中的溶質微粒和分散劑分子大小相仿，因此溶質微粒的運動狀況與膠體的膠粒運動狀況是有差別的。由於膠體的丁達爾現象，用超顯微鏡才可以觀察到膠粒的布朗運動。溶液無丁達爾現象，因此用超顯微鏡觀察不到溶質微粒的運動狀況。
六、凝聚與鹽析有何差別
凝聚是憎液（水）膠體的性質，膠體的凝聚過程就是膠粒聚集成較大顆粒的過程。由於憎液（水）膠體的分散質都難溶於水，因此，再採用一般的溶解方法用水來溶解膠體的凝聚物是不可能的，也就是說，膠體的凝聚是不可逆的。鹽析實際上就是加入電解質使分散質溶解度減小而使其析出的過程。鹽析不是憎液膠體的性質，它是高分子溶液或普通溶液的性質，能發生鹽析的分散質都是易溶的，如澱粉溶液、蛋白七、蔗糖溶於水形成的分散系是溶液，為什麼在生物課的滲透實驗中，蔗糖分子卻不能通過半透膜
不同的半透膜，如羊皮紙、動物膀胱膜、玻璃紙等，其細孔的直徑是不同的，也就是說，不同的半透膜，其通透性是不一樣的。顯然，籠統地講半透膜能使離子或分子通過，而不能使膠體微粒通過是不恰當的。
八、憎液膠體與高分子溶液在性質上有何異同
憎液膠體全面地表現出膠體的特性，高分子溶液則不然。這兩種分散系中的分散質微粒都作布朗運動，都有丁達爾現象；憎液膠體有電泳現象，澱粉溶液無電泳現象，而蛋白質溶液則較為復雜；使憎液膠體凝聚的方法有：加入電解質、給膠體加熱、加入帶相反電荷的膠體，使高分子溶液中的分散質沉澱，主要是破壞高子分與分散劑間的相互作用，如加入大量的電解質也能使澱粉、蛋白質沉澱，這一現象稱為鹽析，它是可逆的。
九、有沒有溶液能產生類似於膠體的電泳現象
由於溶液是均一的，不存在「界面」，因此，給溶液通電不會產生界面移動現象（即一極液面高，另一極液面低），但是有些溶液通電後卻可以產生一極溶液顏色加深，另一極溶液顏色變淺的現象。比如，給紫紅色KMnO4溶液通電一段時間後，陽極附近溶液的顏色就會變深，陰極附近溶液的顏色就會變淺。這是由於通電後，紫紅色的MnO4－向陽極移動，但卻不會在陽極放電（MnO4－遠比OH－難放電）的緣故。CuSO4溶液就不會產生類似的現象，因為Cu2＋會在陰極放電。
十、Fe（OH）3膠體長時間電泳或電壓增大，將發生怎樣的現象
如果Fe（OH）3膠體長時間電泳或將電泳的電壓顯著增大，都會在陰極出現凝聚現象，因為不論是長時間電泳還是電壓顯著增大，都會使陰極附近積聚很多的Fe（OH）3膠粒，大量膠粒的聚集必然會出現凝聚現象。如果電泳電壓特別大，還會出現電解水的現象。
質溶液、肥皂的甘油溶液，由於分散質都是易溶的，所以鹽析是可逆的。
First, what is the concept of sol
Judging from the appearance of seemingly homogeneous gel, with no difference in the solution, so often referred to as sol-gel. Sol and gel is the same concept.
2, starch, protein and other water-soluble polymer dispersed system formed, why the solution is sometimes called, sometimes also called it as colloidal
Quality of teaching is dispersed particle diameter according to the size of a decentralized system classification. Starch, protein and other polymer dissolved in water to form colloidal dispersion system can be called. But the determination of a colloidal dispersion system or solution are, just from the dispersed particle diameter size of the mass to examine this aspect, the conclusion is incomplete, even wrong. Correct determination of a solution or colloidal dispersion system is, depends on the structure of particle dispersion quality. If the quality of particle dispersion structure as simple as a single molecule or smaller degree of polymerization of the molecules or ions, then it should be called the solution of the decentralized system. As the starch, protein is dissolved in water to form a single molecule dispersed in water, so, even though these polymers large distributed systems should still be called the solution of these. Only because of the size of polymer particles similar, only with the gel polymer solution of some features, such as the proliferation of slow, not through the semipermeable membrane, with Tyndall phenomena. Chemistry often to Fe (OH) 3, AgI and other substances insoluble in water, the formation of colloidal liquid gel called monks, called sol; while the starch, protein and other substances soluble in water, the formation of liquid disperse system as pro- colloid, more is known as the polymer solution.
Third, the solution is homogeneous, uniform gel also do
Hate liquid sol particle dispersion quality by a large number of molecules, it is uneven one; polymer solution, the dispersion of particles is a single molecular mass, and therefore uniform.
4, colloid stability can exist over an extended period because of what
Hate liquid sol particles with the same charge, e to charge repulsion Ershi homosexual hate colloidal solution can exist. Starch, protein and other polymers containing multiple polar groups (such as-COOH,-OH,-NH2, etc.), can be highly solvent and water (molecular water film formed on the surface), so there can be a long time stability . Obviously, these two types of colloidal stability of the reason there are different.
5, solution for Brownian motion of solute particles also do
Colloidal particles in all directions are subject to the impact dispersant molecules, because these forces because of their different colloidal particles as Brownian motion. Solution of solute particles and dispersant molecules are similar in size, so the movement of solute particles and colloidal particles movement situation is different. As the colloidal Tyndall phenomenon, with a super microscope can observe particles of the Brownian motion. Solution without Tyndall phenomenon, not so ultra-microscope, the movement of the solute particles.
6, the difference between condensation and salt
Cohesion is hate liquid (the water) colloidal nature of the condensation process of colloidal particles to larger particles that process. As the monks liquid (water) quality is immune colloidal dispersion of water-soluble, therefore, re-dissolution method commonly used in water to dissolve colloidal aggregates is impossible, that is, the concentration of colloid is not reversible. Electrolyte salt is actually added to its decentralized nature and the solubility decreased precipitation process. Liquid colloidal salt is not the nature of hate, it is common solution polymer solution or the nature of the dispersion of salt can occur are soluble nature, such as starch solution, protein VII, sugar dissolved in water to form the dispersion system is a solution Why infiltration in biology class experiment, but can not be semi-permeable membrane sucrose molecule
Different semi-permeable membrane such as parchment, animal bladder film, cellophane, its pore diameter is different, that is, different semi-permeable membranes, the permeability is not the same. Obviously, generally speaking semi-permeable membrane allows ions or molecules to pass through, without giving colloidal particles through is not appropriate.
8 and hate liquid colloid and polymer solution of the similarities in the nature of
Comprehensive demonstration of monks colloidal solution colloidal properties of polymer solution is not. This decentralized system of two particles in the dispersion quality are as Brownian motion, there Tyndall phenomenon; hate liquid gel with electrophoresis, starch solution without electrophoresis, the protein solution is more complicated; to hate liquid colloid aggregation methods are: adding electrolyte to gel heating, by adding gel with the opposite charge, so that the dispersion of polymer solution quality of precipitation, mainly sub-divided and the destruction of high interaction between dispersant, such as adding a large number of electrolyte also make starch, protein precipitation This phenomenon is known as salting, it is reversible.
9, there is no solution to proce phenomena similar to gel electrophoresis
As the solution is homogeneous, there is no "interface", and therefore to the solution of power does not proce the phenomenon of interface movement (ie a very high surface, another extremely low liquid level), but after powering some of the solution but the solution can generate a very color deepened, and the other pole solution faded color phenomenon. For example, purple KMnO4 solution to power after a period of time, the color of the solution near the anode will become darker in color of the solution near the cathode will be lighter. This is because the power, the purple MnO4-move to the anode, but not in the anode discharge (MnO4-OH-hard than the discharge) of the reason. CuSO4 solution will not proce a similar phenomenon, because Cu2 + in the cathode discharge.
10, Fe (OH) 3 gel electrophoresis time or voltage increases, the phenomenon will happen to
If Fe (OH) 3 gel electrophoresis or electrophoresis time the voltage was increased significantly and there will be condensation phenomena in the cathode, because whether or voltage electrophoresis time was significantly larger accumulation near the cathode will cause a lot of Fe (OH) 3 particles, the aggregation of a large number of particles bound to the phenomenon of condensation. Particularly if the electrophoresis voltage, electrolysis of water is still there.
Quality solution, glycerin soap solution, e to dispersion quality are soluble, so salt is reversible.
㈡ 化學論文怎麼寫啊
論文一般包括封面、扉頁、目錄、論文摘要、縮略語表、正文、參考文獻、致謝、附錄等幾個部分。其中正文由前言、材料與方法、結果與分析、討論等部分組成。
前言
前言應包括研究問題的由來、文獻綜述、研究目的等基本內容。
研究問題的由來應明確提出論文研究所針對的科學、生產和經濟建設的問題，指出研究這些問題的意義。
文獻綜述主要回顧與所研究課題相關的學科背景，相關領域的研究進展和存在的問題等，是作者對相關文獻閱讀、消化後的綜合、提煉與升華，反映作者對國內外相關進展的了解和理解的程度。因此，文獻綜述在敘述前人工作的同時，應有自己的看法和觀點。不應將文獻綜述寫成前人工作的堆砌，也不應像教科書一樣寫成知識性介紹。
研究目的是在提出問題和綜述文獻的基礎上，闡述學術思想，提出科學假設或假說，提出論文研究要實現的目標或達到的目的。
材料與方法
詳盡列出研究所用材料，如生物材料及拉丁文學名、品種名稱、菌株名稱，實驗材料與課題研究有關的各種特徵特性，由實驗材料所得到的各種衍生材料、實驗群體、世代、數量等，並明確指出各種材料的來源。
詳盡描述實驗方法，以能將實驗材料與實驗結果貫通為基礎，且他人能按所述的方法進行重復實驗。對一些常用的實驗方法，可在引用他人文獻的基礎上，簡要加以描述，但對於自己改進或發明的新方法則需要詳細說明，指出所用的是他人的方法，還是自己發明的方法，或是在前人基礎上的改進及改進的內容等。實驗方法還應包括實驗設計、田間種植方式、田間管理、試驗時間、地點、數據採集（考種）、統計分析方法、所用統計軟體、計算機程序等。
結果與分析
詳盡陳述課題研究結果，在寫作時力求條理清晰，層次分明，做到環環相扣，具有嚴密的邏輯性，避免重復敘述實驗方法，或作過多的討論。
討論
討論是反映作者綜合分析、邏輯、思維的能力和水平的重要內容，是在透徹理解結果的基礎上，精練地歸納研究的主要結論，指出本研究結果的進步所在和所解決的科學問題，闡明研究結果在理論上和應用上的價值、前景等。討論中還應指出本研究及其結果所存在的問題、研究工作的不足及進一步開展研究的思路和建議等。討論內容應注意與前文的研究目的相呼應，要言之有據，避免重復敘述實驗結果。鼓勵學生以一定的實驗證據為基礎，進行大膽推論、假設，提出新的學術觀點。
參考文獻
參考文獻緊接正文後面列出，與文中的文獻引用一一對應。參考文獻排列規則是：中文文獻在前，外文文獻在後；中文文獻按第一作者姓氏拼音字母為序排列，英文及其它西文按第一作者姓氏字母順序排出；第一作者相同的文獻按發表的先後順序列出，所列的同一第一作者同年內的文獻多於一篇時，可在年份後加「a」、「b」等字母予以分別，如「1997a」、「1997b」等；文獻作者人數在3人以下的全部列出，超過3人時，列出前3名作者，後面加「等」（「et al」）字以示省略；作者姓名之間用 「，」隔開；姓名一律採用「姓在前名在後」的寫法，外國人姓名的名字部分應縮寫，並省略縮寫點。未公開發表的資料不應列入參考文獻，確有引用必要，須在腳注中註明引用。
所有中文參考文獻著錄格式中的句號和逗號用中文全形狀態下的「．」和「，」表示；所有西文參考文獻著錄格式中的標點符號用西文狀態下的符號，後空一格。
結論
結論是對論文主要研究結果、論點的提煉與概括，應准確、簡明，完整，有條理，使人看後就能全面了解論文的意義、目的和工作內容。主要闡述自己的創造性工作及所取得的研究成果在本學術領域中的地位、作用和意義。同時，要嚴格區分自己取得的成果與導師及他人的科研工作成果。在評價自己的工作時，要實事求是，除非有足夠的證據表明自己的研究是「首次」的，「領先」的，「填補空白」的，否則應避免使用這些或類似詞語。
㈢ 化學方面的英語論文
有機化學英語論文
Abstract
In this work the effects of the microporosity and chemical surfaceof polymeric adsorbents on adsorptive properties of phenol wereinvestigated. Textural parameters of four kinds of polymeric resins namely AB-8 D4006 NKA-II and D16 resin were separately measuredby ASAP 2010. The surface chemistry of these polymeric resins was determined by means of inverse gaschromatography (IGC) and diffusereflectance infrared Fourier transform spectros (DRIFTS). Static equilibrium adsorption experiments were carried out to obtain theisotherms of phenol on the polymeric resins. It was shown that NKA-II and AB-8 resin possessed relatively high BET surface areas andmicropore volumes while D4006 and D16 resin possessed comparatively low BET surface areas and micropore volumes. The results of IGCexperiments revealed that NKA-II resin had extraordinary high specific component of the free energy of adsorption both for polar acetone andbenzene probe and thus extraordinary strong surface polarity compared to the other polymeric resins. It was also found that the isotherm ofphenol on NKA-II was much higher than that on the other polymeric resins e to its strongest surface polarity and largest micropore volumeamong four kinds of resins. These experimental observations indicated that adsorption of phenol on the polymeric resins depended greatly ontheir microporosity and surface chemistry. The well-developed microporosity and the strong surface polarity would improve the adsorptionof phenol on the polymeric resins. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Polymeric resin; Phenol; Porosity; Surface chemistry; Inverse gas chromatography
㈣ 求一篇化學方面的英文文獻
有關化學的，英文版，文獻比如研究報告之類的，例如；海水對鋼鐵腐蝕研究。。越短越好，因為老師要我們把英文翻譯成中文
㈤ 求化學英文論文（高分）
實驗11 三草酸合鐵(Ⅲ)酸鉀的制備和組成測定
一,實驗目的
1.掌握合成K3Fe[(C2O4)3]·3H2O的基本原理和操作技術;
2.加深對鐵(Ⅲ)和鐵(Ⅱ)化合物性質的了解;
3.掌握容量分析等基本操作.
二,實驗原理
本實驗以硫酸亞鐵銨為原料,與草酸在酸性溶液中先製得草酸亞鐵沉澱,然後再用草酸亞鐵在草酸鉀和草酸的存在下,以過氧化氫為氧化劑,得到鐵(Ⅲ)草酸配合物.主要反應為:
改變溶劑極性並加少量鹽析劑,可析出綠色單斜晶體純的三草酸合鐵(Ⅲ)酸鉀,通過化學分析確定配離子的組成.用KMnO4標准溶液在酸性介質中滴定測得草酸根的含量.Fe3+ 含量可先用過量鋅粉將其還原為Fe2+,然後再用KMnO4標准溶液滴定而測得,其反應式為:
5C2O42-+2MnO4-+16H+ ===10CO2↑+2Mn2+ + 8H2O
5Fe2+ + MnO4- +8H+ ===5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 + H2C2O4 + 2H2O ===FeC2O4·2H2O↓+ (NH4)2SO4 + H2SO4
2FeC2O4·2H2O + H2O2 + 3K2C2O4 + H2C2O4 ===2K3[Fe(C2O4)3]·3H2O
三,實驗儀器與試劑
托盤天平,分析天平,抽濾裝置,燒杯(100mL),電爐,移液管(25mL),容量瓶(50mL, 100mL),錐形瓶(250mL).
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O,H2SO4(1mol·L-1),H2C2O4(飽和),K2C2O4(飽和),KCl (A. R),KNO3(300g·L-1),乙醇(95%),乙醇—丙酮混合液(1 : 1),K3[Fe(CN)6] (5%),H2O2 (3%).
四,實驗步驟
1.三草酸合鐵(Ⅲ)酸鉀的制備
① 草酸亞鐵的制備: 稱取5g硫酸亞鐵銨固體放在100mL燒杯中,然後加15mL蒸餾水和5~6滴1mol·L-1 H2SO4,加熱溶解後,再加入25mL飽和草酸溶液,加熱攪拌至沸,然後迅速攪拌片刻,防止飛濺.停止加熱,靜置.待黃色晶體FeC2O4·2H2O沉澱後傾析,棄去上層清液,加入20mL蒸餾水洗滌晶體,攪拌並溫熱,靜置,棄去上層清液,即得黃色晶體草酸亞鐵.
② 三草酸合鐵(Ⅲ)酸鉀的制備:往草酸亞鐵沉澱中,加入飽和K2C2O4溶液10mL,水浴加熱313K,恆溫下慢慢滴加3%的H2O2溶液20mL,沉澱轉為深棕色.邊加邊攪拌,加完後將溶液加熱至沸,然後加入20mL飽和草酸溶液,沉澱立即溶解,溶液轉為綠色.趁熱過濾,濾液轉入100mL燒杯中,加入95%的乙醇25mL,混勻後冷卻,可以看到燒杯底部有晶體析出.為了加快結晶速度,可往其中滴加KNO3溶液.晶體完全析出後,抽濾,用乙醇—丙酮的混合液10mL淋灑濾餅,抽干混合液.固體產品置於一表面皿上,置暗處晾乾.稱重,計算產率.
①KMnO4溶液的標定
准確稱取0.13～0.17gNa2C2O4三份,分別置於250mL錐形瓶中,加水50mL使其溶解,加入10mL 3 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液,在水浴上加熱到75～85℃,趁熱用待標定的KMnO4溶液滴定,開始時滴定速率應慢,待溶液中產生了Mn2+後, 滴定速率可適當加快,但仍須逐滴加入,滴定至溶液呈現微紅色並持續30s內不褪色即為終點.根據每份滴定中Na2C2O4的質量和消耗的KMnO4溶液體積,計算出KMnO4溶液的濃度.
2.三草酸合鐵酸鉀組成的測定
②草酸根含量的測定: 把製得的K3Fe[(C2O4)3]·3H2O在50-60℃於恆溫乾燥箱中乾燥1h,在乾燥器中冷卻至室溫,精確稱取樣品約0.2-0.3g,放入250mL錐形瓶中,加入25mL水和5mL 1mol·L-1 H2SO4,用標准0.02000 mol·L-1 KMnO4溶液滴定.滴定時先滴入8mL左右的 KMnO4標准溶液,然後加熱到343~358K(不高於358K)直至紫紅色消失.再用KMnO4滴定熱溶液,直至微紅色在30s內不消失.記下消耗KMnO4標准溶液的總體積,計算K3Fe[(C2O4)3]·3H2O中草酸根的質量分數 ,並換算成物質的量.滴定後的溶液保留待用.
③鐵含量測定: 在上述滴定過草酸根的保留液中加鋅粉還原,至黃色消失.加熱3min,使Fe3+ 完全轉變為Fe2+,抽濾,用溫水洗滌沉澱.濾液轉入250mL錐形瓶中,再利用KMnO4溶液滴定至微紅色,計算K3Fe[(C2O4)3]中鐵的質量分數 ,並換算成物質的量.
結論:在1mol產品中含C2O42- mol,Fe3+ mol,該物質的化學式為 .
五,注意事項
1. 水浴40℃下加熱,慢慢滴加H2O2.以防止H2O2分解.
2. 減壓過濾要規范.尤其注意在抽濾過程中,勿用水沖洗粘附在燒杯和布氏濾鬥上的少量綠色產品,否則,將大大影響產量.
Experiment 11 3 ferrous oxalate (Ⅲ) Determination of potassium in the preparation and composition
One purpose of the experiment
1. Grasp synthesis K3Fe [(C2O4) 3] · 3H2O basic principles and operating techniques;
2. Deepen their understanding of iron (Ⅲ) and iron (Ⅱ) compounds understanding of the nature;
3. Master the basic operations such as capacity analysis.
Second, the experimental principle
In this experiment, ferrous ammonium sulfate as raw material, and oxalic acid in acidic solution of ferrous oxalate precipitation was obtained first, and then use potassium oxalate and ferrous oxalate in the presence of oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant by iron (Ⅲ) oxalate complex. main reaction is:
Change in solvent polarity and add a small amount of salt agents may precipitate the green monoclinic crystals of pure three-ferrous oxalate (Ⅲ) potassium ions by chemical analysis to determine the composition distribution. Standard solution with KMnO4 in acid medium oxalic acid titrated the content of the root. Fe3 + content can be the first to use excessive zinc reced to Fe2 +, and then use the standard solution of KMnO4 titration and measured, their reaction is:
5C2O42-+2 MnO4-+16 H + === 10CO2 ↑ +2 Mn2 + + 8H2O
5Fe2 + + MnO4-+8 H + === 5Fe3 + + Mn2 + + 4H2O
(NH4) 2Fe (SO4) 2 + H2C2O4 + 2H2O === FeC2O4 · 2H2O ↓ + (NH4) 2SO4 + H2SO4
2FeC2O4 · 2H2O + H2O2 + 3K2C2O4 + H2C2O4 === 2K3 [Fe (C2O4) 3] · 3H2O
Third, experimental equipment and reagents
Pallet scale, analytical balance, filtration devices, beaker (100mL), electric stove, pipette (25mL), volumetric flask (50mL, 100mL), Erlenmeyer flask (250mL).
(NH4) 2Fe (SO4) 2.6 H2O, H2SO4 (1mol · L-1), H2C2O4 (saturated), K2C2O4 (saturated), KCl (A. R), KNO3 (300g · L-1), ethanol (95% ), ethanol - acetone mixture (1: 1), K3 [Fe (CN) 6] (5%), H2O2 (3%).
4, experimental proceres
1. 3 ferrous oxalate (Ⅲ) Preparation of potassium
① Preparation of Ferrous Oxalate: Weigh 5g of solid ammonium ferrous sulfate on the 100mL beaker, then add 15mL of distilled water and 5 to 6 drops of 1mol · L-1 H2SO4, heating dissolved, then add 25mL saturated acid solution, heating and agitating to boiling, then quickly stir a moment, to prevent splashing. stop heating, standing. to be yellow crystals FeC2O4 · 2H2O precipitated decantation, discard supernatant liquid, adding 20mL distilled water crystals, stir and warm, standing, discard supernatant liquid, which was yellow ferrous oxalate crystals.
② Three ferrous oxalate (Ⅲ) Preparation of Potassium: ferrous oxalate to precipitate, by adding saturated K2C2O4 solution 10mL, water bath 313K, constant temperature slowly dropping to 3% H2O2 solution of 20mL, to dark brown precipitate. Edge Bordered stirring, add After the solution was heated to boiling, then add 20mL saturated oxalic acid solution, precipitate immediately dissolved, the solution turns green. hot filtration, the filtrate into 100mL beaker, add 95% ethanol, 25mL, after mixing cooling, you can see the bottom of the beaker and precipitate. In order to accelerate the crystallization rate, which may be dropping to the KNO3 solution. crystal after complete precipitation and filtered, ethanol - acetone mixture of 10mL sprinkling cream cake, drain the mixture. the surface of solid proct in a pan, turning the dark to dry. weighing, calculating the yield.
① KMnO4 solution calibration
Weigh accurately 0.13 ~ 0.17gNa2C2O4 three were placed in 250mL conical flask, add 50mL of water to dissolve, adding 10mL 3 mol · L-1H2SO4 solution in a water bath heated to 75 ~ 85 ℃, hot to be calibrated with the KMnO4 titration, titration rate should start slowly, until the solution had a Mn2 +, the titration rate may be appropriate to speed up, but still drops by to join, titration to the solution and continue to 30s showed reddish discoloration shall not end in. According Each titration Na2C2O4 quality and consumption volume of KMnO4 solution, calculate the concentration of KMnO4 solution.
2. 3 ferrous potassium oxalate determination of the composition of
② oxalate content: the system was the K3Fe [(C2O4) 3] · 3H2O at 50-60 ℃ in temperature oven drying 1h, cooled to room temperature in the dryer, accurately weighed sample of about 0.2-0.3g Put 250mL conical flask, add 25mL of water and 5mL 1mol · L-1 H2SO4, with standard 0.02000 mol · L-1 KMnO4 solution titration. titrated around when the first trickle 8mL KMnO4 standard solution, then heated to 343 ~ 358K (not more than 358K) until the purple disappears. then KMnO4 titration hot solution until the reddish does not disappear within in the 30s. note the total consumption volume of standard solution of KMnO4 calculated K3Fe [(C2O4) 3] · 3H2O oxalate root mass fraction, and converted into amount of substance. titration solution retained after the stand-by.
③ Determination of iron content: in the titration of oxalate retention over adding zinc st rection solution to the yellow color disappears. Heated 3min, so that the complete transformation of Fe3 + Fe2 +, and filtered, washing with warm water sedimentation. Filtrate into 250mL Erlenmeyer flask , re-use KMnO4 titration to reddish calculated K3Fe [(C2O4) 3] content of iron, and converted into amount of substance.
Conclusion: 1mol procts containing C2O42-mol, Fe3 + mol, the substance of the chemical formula.
V. Notes
1. 40 ℃ water bath heating, slowly dropping H2O2. To prevent the H2O2 decomposition.
2. Decompression filter to regulate. Particular attention to the filtration process, do not wash with water in the beaker and Brandt adhesion filter a small amount of green procts on the fight, otherwise, it will greatly affect the output.
㈥ 急~~化學方面英文文獻
這樣吧，你要的話我可以幫你找一篇，論文會很長的，而且發帖子也不方便，會有亂碼，論文都是PDF格式的，你需要的話留下你的郵箱，我給你發郵箱吧。你可以用網路HI聯系
㈦ 求化學方面英文論文（文獻） 翻譯一篇 （附帶原文一起）。
去淘寶，有外文文獻代查的，知道題目的一篇一元，很快，幾分鍾即可到貨，最好選擇賣家是海外的，快些，你懂的
㈧ 幫忙推薦一篇化學相關的英文論文
現在我一見論文倆個字
腦袋都疼 更別說是弄英語的啦，那更是一竅不通
我已經畢業啦
不過當時為了論文的事沒少折騰
所以現在...
我寫論文的時候怎麼寫也是不通過
後來實在是挺不住啦
在朋友的介紹下我找到了燕子期刊網的主編雷燕幫我寫的
這樣才論文才得以通過的
呵呵
他們服務態度很好的
你到網路上搜燕子期刊網就行啦
電話什麼的都有你在咨詢一下吧
祝你成功
㈨ 英文版論文關於化學的！急！！！！
The Importance of Chemistry in Daily Life
Most people have chosen to write their essay about how chemistry has played an important role in everyday life. I have chosen to ask, how doesn't it play a role in everyday life? The simple fact is that chemistry plays an important role in every person's daily activities from the moment we're born.
So what role does chemistry really play in everyday life? Well, this involvement usually begins first thing each morning. Most people wake up to an alarm or radio. These common household items contain batteries, which make them very chemically dependent. These batteries contain positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode consists of a carbon rod surrounded by a mixture of carbon and manganese dioxide. The negative electrode is made of zinc. Chemistry plays an important role in the discovery and understanding of materials contained in these and many other common household items. Things like household cleaners and water purification systems are vitally dependent on chemistry. Without chemistry something as simple as scrubbing a toilet without fear of severe burns or small explosions might not be possible.
Next, though it isn?t widely known, chemistry is also heavily involved with the manufacturing of things such as makeup and soap. Each time you bathe you are witnessing chemistry at work. Chemicals such as cetyl alcohol and propylene glycol are typical ingredients in the soap used to wash your hair and skin. Without chemistry, these materials (or combinations of these materials) might be hazardous or might not exist. The chemical coloring agents used in makeup and nail polish would not be possible without an understanding of the chemicals involved.
Almost anything you do ring the course of a normal day involves chemistry in some way. The gas and tires in cars we drive, the makeup we put on our faces, the soaps and cleaners used everyday, burning wood or other fossil fuels, chemistry is all around you each and every day. The associations are practically limitless. So, as you go about your daily activities, remember to thank chemistry. As my teacher always says, remember, "CHEMISTRY IS LIFE!"
㈩ 求一英文 論文 化學方面的~~~
那些資料庫啊. 學校都應該買了的. 上本校的圖書館什麼的看看4.2. 9-[2-(3-Carboxy-9,10-diphenyl)anthryl]-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-ones (DPAXs)
The most widely used 1O2 trap is 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), which reacts rapidly and
specifically with 1O2 to form a thermostable endoperoxide at a rate of k =1.3106 M1 s1.
The decrease in absorbance at 355 nm is used as a measure of the formation of the endoperoxide.
However, DPA derivatives are not very sensitive probes because the detection is based on the
measurement of absorbance [79].
Umezaka et al. [79] fused DPA with a fluorophore (fluorescein) aiming to associate the first』s
reactive characteristics with the second』s fluorescent characteristics. Fluorescein was chosen as
fluorophore since it has a high fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous solution and is able to be
excited at long wavelength. From this fusion resulted 9-[2-(3-carboxy-9,10-diphenyl)anthryl]-6-
hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-ones (DPAXs) (Fig. 11) [79]. Thus, DPAXs were the first chemical traps
for 1O2 that permitted fluorescence detection. They react with 1O2 to proce DPAX
endoperoxides (DPAX-EPs) (Fig. 11). DPAXs themselves scarcely fluoresce, while DPAXEPs
are strongly fluorescent. The mechanism accounting for the diminution of fluorescence in
DPAXs and its enhancement in DPAX-EPs remain unclear [79].
The fluorescence intensity of fluorescein derivatives is known to be decreased under acidic
conditions as a consequence of the protonation of the phenoxide oxygen atom. In order to
stabilize the fluorescence intensity at physiological pH, electron-withdrawing groups wereincorporated at the 2- and 7-positions of the xanthene chromophore, leading to Cl (DPAX-2) and
F (DPAX-3) (Fig. 11). This modification lowered the pKa value of the phenolic oxygen atom
[79].
DPAX-2 was used to detect the proction of 1O2 from two different generation systems: the
MoO4
2/H2O2 system and the 3-(4-methyl-1-naphthy)propionic acid endoperoxide (EP-1)
system, which act at different pH values (10.5 and 7.4, respectively). In both cases an increase
of the probe』s fluorescence was verified when in contact with the generating system. These
results confirmed DPAXs』 advantage when detecting 1O2 in neutral or basic aqueous solutions
[79]. The behaviour of this probe towards H2O2, !NO and O2 ! was also studied, but no change in
the intensity of the fluorescence was observed for any of these reactive species. These facts
corroborate the specificity of this probe for 1O2 [79].
The detection of 1O2 in biological samples was also investigated. With this purpose, DPAX-2
diacetate (DPAX-2-DA) was prepared, since it was considered to be more permeable to cells.
DPAX-2-DA is hydrolysed by intracellular esterases to generate DPAX-2. Both DPAX-2 and
DPAX-2DA were tested and compared in the same assay systems. However, cells were stained
similarly in both cases. This observation probably means that DPAX-2 itself is also membranepermeable