Ⅰ 用英語介紹中國與美國的有哪些相同與不同
我從思維方式這方面給的英文哦~
中文如下:
中國傳統的思維模式,最有特色的是整體思維、直觀思維、類比思維、辨證思維。
一、整體思維
所謂整體思維,是指把天地、人、社會看做密切貫通的整體,認為天地人我,人身人心都處在一個整體系統中,各系統要素之間存在著互相依存的聯系。
古人在這方面有許多典型的言論,例如儒家的孟子說:「夫君子所過者化,所存者神,上下與天地同流,豈曰小補之哉?」(《孟子·盡心上》)道家的莊子說:「天地與我並生,而萬物與我為一。」 (《莊子·齊物論》)我們把「上下與天地同流」跟「萬物與我為一」聯系起來看子可以知道無論是先秦的儒家還是道家,都是把人與天地萬物看做是一個整體系統的。由此我們可以明白先秦典籍中大量出現的「一」的含義。例如《易·系辭傳下》說:「天下之物,貞乎一者也。」老子說「聖人抱一以為天下式」從根本上看,「一」都是講整體、系統及其貫通的。
華夏民族在《易經》時代形成了由「天——地——人」組成和諧整體的宇宙觀念。《易經》以陽爻和陰爻構成的六十四卦,象徵天地萬物及其變化,表明天地和同,萬物化生,人與天地分而相合。
在整體思維上,漢代使陰陽學說和五行學說得以完善,對陰陽的對立統一關系,陰陽相互調節維持整體平衡的功能,都作了充分的說明。到宋代,理學的開創者周敦頤著《太極圖說》,上篇講天地,下篇論人,認為天地系統的秩序結構,就是人的行為道德的規范,人的思想、行為與天地秩序相合,才能真正實現「天——地——人」宇宙大系統的和諧統一。宋代把古代中國整體系統的思維推向前所未有的高度,探索宇宙的本體和深層的內在聯系;注重從直觀體驗、心性、精神去接近天理。
二、直觀思維
所謂直觀思維,是指在已往經驗知識積累的基礎上突發地把握事物本質,以及基於這種能力而產生的思維方式。古代整體思維認為,對於宇宙本體,對於「天——地——人」的系統,僅僅依靠語言、概念、邏輯推理去認知是無法窮盡其奧義的,必須憑借對於「象」的直覺、頓悟去把握。《周易.系辭傳上》說:「子曰:書不盡言,言不盡意。然則聖人之意其不可見乎?子曰:聖人立象以盡意。」顯然,「立象」包括了對於「觀象」、「體悟」的過程與結果的表述。
儒家、道家都主張以直觀為基礎去領悟、把握宇宙、人生。莊子的「乘物以游心」「游心於物之初」 都是講直觀、體悟一切存在的根源與自然運行的規律。宋代張載的「大其心則能體天下之物」,朱熹的「眾物之表裡精粗無不到,吾心之全體大用無不明」,陸九淵的「吾心」與「宇宙」相冥契,則是強調用身心體驗宇宙終極的實在。
直覺思維方法的基本特徵之一,是非邏輯性。在現代科學研究中,邏輯證明和實驗的方法都表現了一定的局限。許多科學家認為,唯一的道路就是直覺地把握整體,並且洞察到正確的東西。而中國傳統的直覺思維,經過科學改造後也能適合現代科學的需要。如在量子力學中有不確定原理、引進了概率的概念,西方人很難掌握,而東方人極易接受,這不能不說與東方思維方式有關。同時,這在一定程度上也說明了中國傳統直覺思維的合理性。
三、類比思維
類比思維是從「天、地、人」系統整體思維衍生出來的,是指由兩個對象內部屬性關系的某些方面相似,而推出它們在其他方面可能相似的推理方法。
古代漢民族很早就發現天地萬物、人事習俗存在著類別,當兩類事物之間的不同性和相似性都被認識得很清楚時,類比思維就會變得更加富有成果。中國人自古以來就很擅長的一個領域,表現類比的最古形式就是比喻,常常用以發現說明世界的真理。例如莊子主要依靠比喻和類比來論證哲學問題。如《齊物論》通過狙公賦芧、罔兩問影、莊周夢蝶等比喻,來論證對任何事物的認識本無確定不變的是非標准,一切是非之爭,都是對道的全面性的歪曲和割裂,反對認識的片面性。《逍遙游》借用大鵬和小鳩,大椿和朝菌的比喻,說明任何事物都不能超越自己本性和客觀環境,主張各任其性,逍遙自在。《秋水》篇借河伯與海若的對話說明萬物的大小、貴賤、生死、是非都是相對的。
Chinese traditional thinking mode, the most distinctive is the overall thinking, intuitive thinking, analogy thinking, dialectical thinking.
One, the overall thinking
The so-called overall thinking, it is to point to the heaven and earth, human beings and society as closely connected whole, think, therefore I heart all at a personal whole system, the system elements exist between the interdependent contact.
The ancients in this respect has many typical speech, such as Confucian mencius said: "the person that pass by the Cardiff gentleman, who have saved god, and the earth with flow up and down, or yue small patch of zai?" (" mencius, on ") with Taoist chuang tzu said: "world and I and live, and everything and I for one." (zhuangzi all things theory ", the "we," and the earth with flow up and down with "everything for a" with my son can know linked to see whether the pre-qin Confucian or Taoist, all is the people and the universe as a whole system. From the above we can see a large presence in the pre-qin classics of the meaning of "one". For example, "yi XiCi preach under" say: "all things, darling." the brahmachari Lao tze said "saints to cling to one thought the world type" fundamentally, "a" is all speak whole, system and its breakthrough.
Huaxia nation in yijing era formed by "days - -" the harmonious whole universe of concept. The I ching to Yao and Yin Yang Yao constitute sixty-four hexagrams changes and the universe, the symbol of heaven and earth, with all that, with heaven and earth, im divide and consistent.
In the overall thinking, han dynasty of Yin and Yang, and the theory of the five elements that may be perfect, for unity of opposites relations, Yin and Yang mutual adjust the function of maintaining the overall balance, make the full explanation. Neo-confucianism in the song dynasty, the springboard to the "taiji diagram of zhou, the first speak and say, man, think about the next world system, is human's order structure behavior ethics, people's thought and behavior and world order photograph, can we truly achieve the" days - - "the big system in harmony. The whole system of ancient China dynasty of thinking to unprecedented levels, exploration of the universe ontology and deep inner contact; Attention from visual experience, human nature, the spirit to close to justice.
Second, intuitive thinking
The so-called intuitive thinking, it is to point to in the past; on the basis of empirical knowledge accumulation to grasp the essence, sudden and based on the ability and proce ways of thinking. Ancient overall thought that universe, to "for days -- -" system, solely rely on language, concept, logical reasoning to cognitive is unable to end the upanishads, must undertake for "elephant" intuition, insight to grasp. The book. XiCi posted on the daily said: "Confucius said: JinYan, YanBuJinYi book doesn't. But saint meaning its invisible? Confucius said: sage who made an elephant with meaning." Obviously, "legislation as" includes for "view like" and "" expression of the process and result.
Confucian, Taoist have advocated a more intuitive to learn and grasp based universe, life. Zhuang zi's "take things to swim heart" "swim at the beginning of the heart with the thing is speak intuitive," the root of all beings with natural operation rule. The song dynasty's "big zhangzai whose heart is able to body thing" of the world, zhu xi's "the exterior-interior relationship of content, we all pure crude to the old heart without unknown," LiuJiuYuan "my heart," and the "universe" photograph union is emphasized, supported by physical and mental experience the reality of cosmic ultimate.
Intuition thinking method, it is one of the characteristics of logic. In the modern scientific research, logical proof and experimental methods are showed certain limitations. Many scientists think, the only way is to grasp as a whole, and intuition insight into what is right. And the traditional Chinese intuition thinking with scientific, after the transformation can also suitable for the need of modern science. As in quantum mechanics have uncertainty principle, introced the concept of probability, westerners difficult to master, and Oriental, this chapter easily accept with Oriental way of thinking about. Meanwhile, the extent of Chinese traditional also explains the rationality of intuition thinking.
Three, analogy thinking
Analogy thinking from "heaven, earth and man" system overall thought derivatives, it is to point to by two objects internal attribute relationship, and some aspects of similar introced them in other respects may similar reasoning methods.
The ancient han ethnic found early universe, personnel custom exist when two things category, between same-sex and similarity were know very clearly, analogy thinking will become more proctive. Chinese is very good at since ancient times a domain, the most ancient form performance analogy is that metaphor, often used to find the truth of the world. For example zhuangzi rely mainly on the parable and analogy to demonstrate philosophical questions. Such as the theory of "all things by police Xu, two male fu thought ZhuangZhouMengDie shadow, ask for such parables, to demonstrate any thing understanding this definite unchanged nonstandard, everything is struggle for ways, are misrepresentation and comprehensive understanding of unilateralism, against separated. "Xiaoyao you borrow dapeng and small jiu, big and towards the parable of changchun bacteria that nothing can't surpass our nature and the objective environment, advocate the sex, each as free and unfettered. The book of autumn and the borrow river "if the size of the dialogue, the distinction that all things up, and, life and death is relative.
呵呵,希望幫助到你哦~
Ⅱ 美國和中國是不同的,用英語怎麼說
America is different from China
Ⅲ 中國是一個歷史悠久的國家.用英語怎麼說
中國是一個歷史悠久的國家.
全部釋義>> China is a country with a long history.
1
中國是一個幅員遼闊歷史悠久的國家。
China is a large country with a long history.
www.dictall.com
2
我認為中國是一個歷史悠久的國家,中國人很好,中國的食物很美味。
I think China is a country with a long history, Chinese people are very good and Chinese food is very delicious.
iask.sina.com.cn
3
中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。五千年的中華文化是中國域內各民族文化以及中外文化長期交匯和融合的結晶。
China has a 5,000-year-old history; the Chinese culture is a crystallization of long-term exchanges and blending among all Chinese ethnic cultures and between Chinese and foreign cultures.
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4
我常常會看一下關於各國歷史的書,中國是一個歷史悠久的國家,我對這里的歷史充滿了好奇。
I will look frequently a Xiaguan in various countries 'history's book, China will be a historical glorious country, I have filled curiously to here history.
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5
我們都知道,中國是一個歷史悠久的國家,具有上下5000年的文化歷史,這種思想也是從封建時代傳下來的。
As we know, China is a centuries-old and historical country, it has five thousands more culture history. Actually, this conception is come down from feudal period.
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6
中國是一個歷史悠久的農業國家,在發展農業生產的過程中,中國政府重視農村環境保護。
China has traditionally been an agricultural country. In developing agricultural proction, the government attaches great importance to rural environmental protection.
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7
中國是一個歷史文化悠久的國家,家庭是社會的細胞,家庭關系的和諧是社會和諧的基礎。
China is a family standard country with a long history and glorious culture. The family is the cell of society, and the family relationship is the basis of social harmonious society.
www.fabiao.net
8
中國是一個農業生產歷史悠久的國家,但耕作和施肥對中國土壤有機碳固定能力的影響及其機制研究不多。
China is a country with long history of cultivation. However, there have been a few reports about the influence of cultivations and fertilizations on the SOC sequestration and its mechanism in China.
www.fabiao.net
9
中國是一個歷史悠久、人口眾多的國家,創造了燦爛的古代文明,對人類做出了重大的貢獻。
china is a populous country with a time-honored history. it is home of a splendid ancient civilizaion and a major contributor to human progress.
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10
曾經一度,美國人只知道中國是一個歷史悠久的一個偉大的國家,有偉大的文明。
Once America knew China only by its history as a great and enring civilization.
Ⅳ 中國與美國飲食習慣有什麼不同(要英文版)
1、工具不一樣:
中國人的飲食習俗的一大特點是使用筷子,在古代,把筷子叫箸,在中國有悠久的歷史。筷子一般以竹製成,一雙在手,運用自如。
美國人在吃飯的時候是刀叉並用,如果兩手並用,應左手握叉,右手握刀,而且一次握刀時間不能太長。
2、主食不一樣:
中國人傳統的飲食習俗是以植物食料為主,主食是五穀,輔食是蔬菜。
美國,牛排、豬排和雞(腿)為主食。
早期美國烹飪業不發達,廚藝水平落後的原因有三項。
第一、歷史與文化的長度及深度不夠。美國自1776年成為獨立自主的國家至今只有230年的歷史,第二次世界大戰勝利之後逐漸發展成為富裕強國至今也只有五六十年的歷史,美國原始的印第安人在拚命的找尋賴以生存的食物,希望能讓自己及家人生活下去的時候,他們根本不可能創造發明什麼美食,更不可能開創全國性的統一菜餚了。
第二,美國的立國精神及民族偏向保守朴實。17世紀初期英國的清教徒為了宗教自由及宣揚基督教義,帶著冒險奮斗不怕吃苦的精神大船橫越大西洋來到美國。這些虔誠的清教徒重視精神生活而不注重物質生活,重視宗教禮儀,提倡勤勞朴實的生活方式。
這些人是美國的老祖宗,他們在美國生活的子孫後代也襲承了優良傳統,養成儉朴有禮循規蹈矩的道德規范。他們這種儉朴不浪費、不虛榮、實事求是的主流價值觀限制了、阻礙了美食的進步與發展。第三,美國沒有宮廷皇室的推動與鼓勵。中國、法國、義大利、西班牙甚至波斯、印度、泰國都曾經有過非常重視美食的皇家貴族。
(4)中國比美國的歷史要長很多用英語怎麼說擴展閱讀:
1、中國人比較謙虛,很多時候都不願意太表現自己。外國人多數比較直接,面對別人的稱贊一般都是表示感謝。
2、在一些公共的場合我們一般是用握手的禮儀,而外國很多地方是用擁抱的。
3、我們與外國人對待請客的態度也不一樣,我們經常是某一個人出全部的錢,而很多國家他們是各自出各自的錢,甚至是夫妻之間也是這樣。
Ⅳ 中國人的數量比美國人的數量多 英文表達
不應該是smaller than,而應該是bigger than。
因為smaller than表示「比...小」的意思,這里應該是大,所以用bigger
Ⅵ 中國的電動車為什麼比美國增長的快的原因用英語怎麼
中國的電動車為什麼比美國增長的快的原因。
用英語表達是:The reason why China's electric cars grow faster than America's
注:完全沒有問題,希望幫助到您。請及時點擊採納。
Ⅶ 中國和美國一樣用英語怎麼說
China is the same as America.
Ⅷ 我認為中國更適合我將來的發展比起美國用英語怎麼說
i think china will be a more suitable place for my future development than u.s.
Ⅸ 中國是大的國家並且有很長的歷史用英語怎麼說
您好,譯成英語:China is one of the biggest countries and has a long history.
Ⅹ 中國和美國的高考用英文怎麼說
中國高考:普通高等學校招生全國統一考試
簡稱NCEE全稱:The National College Entrance Examination
美國高考:ACT考試與SAT考試都被認為是美國高考
ACT,全稱:American College Test
SAT,全稱:Scholastic Assessment Test
『『高考」,是中華人民共和國(不包括香港特別行政區、澳門特別行政區和台灣省)合格的高中畢業生或具有同等學歷的考生參加的選拔性考試。
普通高等學校根據考生成績,按已確定的招生計劃,德、智、體全面衡量,擇優錄取。高考由教育部統一組織調度,教育部考試中心或實行自主命題的省級教育考試院命制試題。
考試日期為每年6月7日、8日,根據《教育部關於做好2018年普通高校招生工作的通知》,各省(區、市)考試科目名稱與全國統考科目名稱相同的必須與全國統考時間安排一致。
ACT考試與SAT考試均被稱為「高考」,它們既是美國大學的入學條件之一,又是大學發放獎學金的主要依據之一及對學生綜合能力的測試標准。
SAT和ACT的不同
SAT和ACT是兩種不同形式的考試,ACT是基於教學大綱的考試,涵蓋英語閱讀、語法、數學和科學等幾個方面;而SAT是基於智力考察的考試,採用答錯倒扣分的計分方式。從考試的難度上看,ACT與SAT大體相當。比起ACT,SAT引入中國比較早,更為我們熟知。
比起SAT,ACT更像一種學科考試。ACT考試附有中學所學課程和等級問卷、學生個人信息資料和學生興趣問答等三份資料,從而可以比較全面地了解考生的教育需要、興趣與能力。