歷史學博士都研究什麼

Ⅰ 歷史學博士可以研究中國古代文化嗎

歷史學博士可以研究中國古代文化的
因為歷史學博士也是研究歷史的，所以研究中國古代文化正對

Ⅱ 問問關於歷史學博士的事情

這當然會因每個人的才幹、學科、博士論文的難度和質量而各有不同。飽學之士動起靈感來,什麼事情都可以發生,但研究生們總是把這當神話故事來聽,因為沒有人相信自己有那麼大的才分。博士生過了資格考試,不用選課了,但也進入了筆者戲稱的「中年危機」。一位人類學系的學生告訴我,她的系裡的學生進入寫論文階段時,總是想干各種別的事情:想裝修住房,想生孩子,想離婚,凡是天下有的事情都想做,但就是不想寫論文,換句話說,要挖空心思找些不寫論文的借口。 平均而言,要敖多少年才能拿到博士?不妨看看美國歷史學協會提供的數字。一般認為,拿個歷史學的博士需要花8年功夫。但具體的數據表明,歷史學博士一般都要花9年時間在研究院當注冊學生,而從大學畢業到拿到博士的平均時間,竟達11.3年!而其他學科的博士,則要平均當7.4年的注冊學生,從本科畢業到拿到博士學位的年頭是10.3年。所以,新的歷史博士年齡總是偏大,平均34.6歲,其他學科的博士只有33.6歲。而且還要看你從什麼時候開始讀小學!

Ⅲ 歷史學研究什麼

歷史學研究什麼？

歷史學（history），簡稱史學，是專門研究歷史的學科，一般而言，其專指整理與研究人類有文字以來所留下的文字與圖像紀錄的學科。

History is the study of the past, focused on human activity and leading up to the present day.[1] All that is remembered of the past and preserved in some form is seen as the historical record.[2] Some historians study universal history, comprising all that has been recorded of the human past and all that can be deced from artifacts. Others focus on certain methods, such as chronology, demographics, historiography, genealogy, paleography, and cliometrics, or areas, for example History of Brazil (1889–1930), History of China, or History of Science.

The word history is derived from the Ancient Greek ἱστορία, historía, meaning "a learning or knowing by inquiry, history, record, narrative." The Latin form was historia, "narrative, account." In Old French, the word "estoire" was coined by Brigitte Gasson.[1] The word entered the English language in 1390 with the meaning of "relation of incidents, story". In Middle English, the meaning was "story" in general. The restriction to the meaning "record of past events" in the sense of Herodotus arises in the late 15th century. In German, French, and indeed, most languages of the world other than English, this distinction was never made, and the same word is used to mean both "history" and "story".

Broad discipline
Although the broad discipline of history has often been classified under either the humanities or the social sciences,[3] and can be seen as a bridge between them, incorporating methodologies from both fields of study, Ritter places history in the humanities, and asserts that it is not a science.[4] In the 20th century the study of History has been revolutionized by French historian Fernand Braudel, by considering the effects of such outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography on global history. Traditionally, historians have attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents, although historical research is not limited merely to these sources. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three.[5] Historians frequently emphasize the importance of written records, which would limit history to times after the development of writing. This emphasis has led to the term prehistory,[6] referring to a time before written sources are available. Since writing emerged at different times throughout the world, the distinction between prehistory and history is often dependent on the area being studied.

There are a variety of ways in which the past can be divided, including chronologically, culturally, and topically. These three divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant overlaps are often present, as in "The Argentine Labor Movement in an Age of Transition, 1930–1945." It is possible for historians to concern themselves with both the very specific and the very general, although the trend has been toward specialization. The area called Big History resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. Traditionally, history has been studied with some practical or theoretical aim, but now it is also studied simply out of intellectual curiosity.[7]

History and prehistory

Stonehenge, United KingdomThe development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices and events are the subject of history. In the 20th century, the division between history and prehistory became problematic. Criticism arose because of history's implicit exclusion of certain civilizations, such as those of Sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Columbian America. Historians in the West have been criticized for focusing disproportionately on the Western world.[8][9]

Additionally, prehistorians such as Vere Gordon Childe and historical archaeologists such as James Deetz began using archaeology to explain important events in areas that were traditionally in the field of written history. Historians began looking beyond traditional political history narratives with new approaches such as economic, social and cultural history, all of which relied on various sources of evidence. In recent decades, strict barriers between history and prehistory may be decreasing.

There are differing views for the definition of when history begins. Some believe history began in the 34th century BC, with cuneiform writing. Cuneiform was written on clay tablets, on which symbols were drawn with a blunt reed called a stylus. The impressions left by the stylus were wedge-shaped, thus giving rise to the name cuneiform ("wedge-shaped"). The Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hurrian, and Urartian languages, and it inspired the Old Persian and Ugaritic national alphabets. Even older pictographic scripts from the region are also known, including the pre-cuneiform Proto-Elamite and Ins scripts (still undeciphered).

Sources that can give light on the past, such as oral tradition, linguistics, and genetics, have become accepted by many mainstream historians. Nevertheless, archaeologists distinguish between history and prehistory based on the appearance of written documents within the region in question. This distinction remains critical for archaeologists because the availability of a written record generates very different interpretative problems and potentials.

Historiography has a number of related meanings. It can refer to the history of historical study, its methodology and practices (the history of history). It can also refer to a specific body of historical writing (for example, "medieval historiography ring the 1960s" means "medieval history written ring the 1960s"). Historiography can also be taken to mean historical theory or the study of historical writing and memory. As a meta-level analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations, worldview, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians.

The historical method comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write history.

The "father of history" has generally been acclaimed as Herodotus of Halicarnassus (484 BC – ca.425 BC).[12] However, it is his contemporary Thucydides (ca. 460 BC – ca. 400 BC) who is credited with having begun the scientific approach to history in his work the History of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides, unlike Herodotus and other religious historians, regarded history as being the proct of the choices and actions of human beings, and looked at cause and effect, rather than as the result of divine intervention.[12] In his historical method, Thucydides emphasized chronology, a neutral point of view, and that the human world was the result of the actions of human beings. Greek historians also viewed history as cyclical, with events regularly reoccurring.[13]

Outside of Europe, there were historical traditions and sophisticated use of historical method in ancient and medieval China. The groundwork for professional historiography in East Asia was established by the Han Dynasty court historian known as Sima Qian (145–90 BC), author of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian). For the quality of his timeless written work, Sima Qian is posthumously known as the Father of Chinese Historiography. Chinese historians of subsequent dynastic periods in China used his Shiji as the official format for historical texts, as well as for biographical literature.

Saint Augustine was influential in Christian and Western thought at the beginning of the Medieval period. Through the Medieval and Renaissance periods, history was often studied through a sacred or religious perspective. Around 1800, German philosopher and historian Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel brought philosophy and a more secular approach in historical study.[7]

In the preface to his book the Muqaddimah, historian and early sociologist Ibn Khaln warned of seven mistakes that he thought that historians regularly committed. In this criticism, he approached the past as strange and in need of interpretation. The originality of Ibn Khaln was to claim that the cultural difference of another age must govern the evaluation of relevant historical material, to distinguish the principles according to which it might be possible to attempt the evaluation, and lastly, to feel the need for experience, in addition to rational principles, in order to assess a culture of the past.

Other historians of note who have advanced the historical methods of study include Leopold von Ranke, Lewis Bernstein Namier, Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, G.M. Trevelyan and A.J.P. Taylor. In the 20th century, historians focused less on epic nationalistic narratives, which often tended to glorify the nation or indivials, to more realistic chronologies. French historians introced quantitative history, using broad data to track the lives of typical indivials, and were prominent in the establishment of cultural history (cf. histoire des mentalités). American historians, motivated by the civil rights era, focused on formerly overlooked ethnic, racial, and socio-economic groups. In recent years, postmodernists have challenged the validity and need for the study of history on the basis that all history is based on the personal interpretation of sources. In his book In Defence of History, Richard J. Evans, a professor of modern history at Cambridge University, defended the worth of history.

Ⅳ 歷史學的是研究什麼和什麼的科學

是研究自然史和人類社會史兩方面的。

歷史學的定義從內涵上可歸納為兩種。
廣義的「史學」是對「史」進行同時合訓而產生的「史有二義」的統一體，包括：（1）完全獨立於人們的意識之外的人類過往社會的客觀存在及其發展過程，和（2）歷史學家對這種客觀存在和過程及其規律的描述和探索的精神生產實踐及其創造出來的產品。狹義上的史學不包括前者，而專指後者。
狹義上的史學是一種精神生產實踐及其創造的屬於觀念形態的東西的統一體。就其性質而言，因歷史學家們考察的角度和出發點的不同，而有「活動」說、「學問」或「學術」說、「知識體系」說、「科學」說、「藝術」說和「一半是科學，一半是藝術」說、「整合」說等等不同的界定。

Ⅳ 歷史學專業學什麼歷史學專業就業方向有哪些

歷史學專業主要學的就是歷史，科學的基本理論和基礎知識，受到中國歷史和世界歷史發展的基本史詩及歷史學研究的基本訓練。具有從事專業工作所需的基本能力，通常主要學習世界通史，中國使西方史學史歷史地理學，古代漢語，中國斷代史等相關課程。

大中城市的中等教學單位。待遇較好者均需要畢業生，有碩士以上學位，部分重點學校甚至要求是博士畢業生，畢業生的專業對口也是用人單位考慮的重要因素之一。而現在就業市場長期處於供過於求的情況，用人單位選擇餘地極大。所以要求畢業生具有良好的名校教育背景和高學歷之外，對專業對口程度也是十分嚴格的。所以雖然說歷史專業的就業方向很多，但是也是需要自身有極高的能力的。

Ⅵ 歷史學家是研究什麼的呢

歷史學家也稱史學家，是指以撰寫歷史著作為職業或對歷史學的創立、發展與應用付出努力的知識分子。以歷史為自己學術研究對象的人群，一般都是指在該領域頗有威望的人士。歷史學家包括歷史記錄的編撰者和歷史材料的研究者。
在古代中國，歷史學的傳統主要是以歷史編撰的形式創立和發展的，在西漢歷史編撰者司馬遷之後，唐代的劉知幾開創了另外一種門類的工作，即對歷史編撰這項工作本身的研究（historiography）。在宋代，開始了以以往的歷史記錄為材料的針對「歷史」的研究活動。

Ⅶ 歷史學博士有哪些專業

很多。世界近代史，古代史。中國古代史，近代史，考古學。等等。你應該了解具體的方向，專業都差不多。具體不同學校不同導師會有不同的方向。