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如何選擇市場調研英語文章

發布時間:2022-05-19 06:08:22

A. 誰能給我份 英文REPORT的模板或範文 市場調查分析的那種

INTRODUCTION TO PRESENTATION
Research question
- Workable research question identified
- Research question identified
- Significance and importance of question
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Theoretical/academic background
- Research 『gap』 identified
- Question linked to academic literature
CONCEPTUALISATION
- Key concepts identified
- Concepts clearly defined
- Relationship (if applicable)
METHODOLOGY
- Research philosophy/approach identified
- Appropriateness of methods
- Choice of method fully justified
- Copy of the research instrument
Sampling issues
- Sampling method
- Appropriate to the research question
OVERALL
Ethical issues
- Ethical issues considered (if applicable)
Writing style
- Clarity of expression
- Conciseness
- Coherent structure
Referencing
- Appropriate academic references
這個是商科的research的評分標准,也可以說是一個模版,裡面告訴了你要寫些什麼
如果是要分析關於學生購買什麼樣的電腦,自然要寫出和以前所有的前人做過的報告不同的地方,通過LITERATURE REVIEW來分析前人做過的research,然後寫出其他人做的research的gap,然後寫明自己的research的主要分析的事件,由發現事件來做出調查,再由調查結果來寫出結論

B. 急求一篇英文市場調查報告,隨便什麼內容

1. Political economy or economics is a study of mankind in
the ordinary business of life; it examines that part of
indivial and social action which is most closely connected with
the attainment and with the use of the material requisites of
wellbeing.
Thus it is on the one side a study of wealth; and on the
other, and more important side, a part of the study of man. For
man's character has been moulded by his every-day work, and the
material resources which he thereby procures, more than by any
other influence unless it be that of his religious ideals; and
the two great forming agencies of the world's history have been
the religious and the economic. Here and there the ardour of the
military or the artistic spirit has been for a while predominant:
but religious and economic influences have nowhere been displaced
from the front rank even for a time; and they have nearly always
been more important than all others put together. Religious
motives are more intense than economic, but their direct action
seldom extends over so large a part of life. For the business by
which a person earns his livelihood generally fills his thoughts
ring by far the greater part of those hours in which his mind
is at its best; ring them his character is being formed by the
way in which he uses his faculties in his work, by the thoughts
and the feelings which it suggests, and by his relations to his
associates in work, his employers or his employees.
And very often the influence exerted on a person's character
by the amount of his income is hardly less, if it is less, than
that exerted by the way in which it is earned. It may make little
difference to the fulness of life of a family whether its yearly
income is £1000 or £5000; but it makes a very great difference
whether the income is £30 or £150: for with £150 the family has,
with £30 it has not, the material conditions of a complete life.
It is true that in religion, in the family affections and in
friendship, even the poor may find scope for many of those
faculties which are the source of the highest happiness. But the
conditions which surround extreme poverty, especially in densely
crowded places, tend to deaden the higher faculties. Those who
have been called the Resium of our large towns have little
opportunity for friendship; they know nothing of the decencies
and the quiet, and very little even of the unity of family life;
and religion often fails to reach them. No doubt their physical,
mental, and moral ill-health is partly e to other causes than
poverty: but this is the chief cause.
And, in addition to the Resium, there are vast numbers of
people both in town and country who are brought up with
insufficient food, clothing, and house-room; whose ecation is
broken off early in order that they may go to work for wages; who
thenceforth are engaged ring long hours in exhausting toil with
imperfectly nourished bodies, and have therefore no chance of
developing their higher mental faculties. Their life is not
necessarily unhealthy or unhappy. Rejoicing in their affections
towards God and man, and perhaps even possessing some natural
refinement of feeling, they may lead lives that are far less
incomplete than those of many, who have more material wealth.
But, for all that, their poverty is a great and almost unmixed
evil to them. Even when they are well, their weariness often
amounts to pain, while their pleasures are few; and when sickness
comes, the suffering caused by poverty increases tenfold. And,
though a contented spirit may go far towards reconciling them to
these evils, there are others to which it ought not to reconcile
them. Overworked and undertaught, weary and careworn, without
quiet and without leisure, they have no chance of making the best
of their mental faculties.
Although then some of the evils which commonly go with
poverty are not its necessary consequences; yet, broadly
speaking, "the destruction of the poor is their poverty," and the
study of the causes of poverty is the study of the causes of the
degradation of a large part of mankind.
2. Slavery was regarded by Aristotle as an ordinance of
nature, and so probably was it by the slaves themselves in olden
time. The dignity of man was proclaimed by the Christian
religion: it has been asserted with increasing vehemence ring
the last hundred years: but, only through the spread of ecation
ring quite recent times, are we beginning to feel the full
import of the phrase. Now at last we are setting ourselves
seriously to inquire whether it is necessary that there should be
any so-called "lower classes" at all: that is, whether there need
be large numbers of people doomed from their birth to hard work
in order to provide for others the requisites of a refined and
cultured life; while they themselves are prevented by their
poverty and toil from having any share or part in that life.
The hope that poverty and ignorance may graally be
extinguished, derives indeed much support from the steady
progress of the working classes ring the nineteenth century.
The steam-engine has relieved them of much exhausting and
degrading toil; wages have risen; ecation has been improved and
become more general; the railway and the printing-press have
enabled members of the same trade in different parts of the
country to communicate easily with one another, and to undertake
and carry out broad and far-seeing lines of policy; while the
growing demand for intelligent work has caused the artisan
classes to increase so rapidly that they now outnumber those
whose labour is entirely unskilled. A great part of the artisans
have ceased to belong to the "lower classes" in the sense in
which the term was originally used; and some of them already lead
a more refined and noble life than did the majority of the upper
classes even a century ago.
This progress has done more than anything else to give
practical interest to the question whether it is really
impossible that all should start in the world with a fair chance
of leading a cultured life, free from the pains of poverty and
the stagnating influences of excessive mechanical toil; and this
question is being pressed to the front by the growing earnestness
of the age. The question cannot be fully answered by economic
science. For the answer depends partly on the moral and political
capabilities of human nature, and on these matters the economist
has no special means of information: he must do as others do, and
guess as best he can. But the answer depends in a great measure
upon facts and inferences, which are within the province of
economics; and this it is which gives to economic studies their
chief and their highest interest.
3. It might have been expected that a science, which deals
with questions so vital for the wellbeing of mankind, would have
engaged the attention of many of the ablest thinkers of every
age, and be now well advanced towards maturity. But the fact is
that the number of scientific economists has always been small
relatively to the difficulty of the work to be done; so that the
science is still almost in its infancy. One cause of this is that
the bearing of economics on the higher wellbeing of man has been
overlooked. Indeed, a science which has wealth for its
subject-matter, is often repugnant at first sight to many
students; for those who do most to advance the boundaries of
knowledge, seldom care much about the possession of wealth for
its own sake.

C. 設計一個市場調查英語作文

孩子,什麼東西都可以拿來,知識也可以.但是,很多東西還是要自己做的,比如說作業.在這里上網發帖求助的時間,你可以自己去完成了.

D. 求一篇10分鍾英語演講!題目是「如何開拓市場」

銷售是龍頭。一個好的公司必須要一支能打硬仗的銷售團隊,要想有一支好的1、不要怕業務員掙錢。你制定的政策要讓業務員掙到錢(有時你自己的利潤可能趕不上業務員的提成多),這是凝聚力的第一步才好管理。
2、對內對外要講信義。說到做到樹立品牌意識。
3、要和員工同甘共苦。讓你的員工感覺到你也是很不容易的。
4、不斷加強管理加強培訓提高業務人員的技能和素質,及時發現問題善於解決問題。管理的同時不能降低待遇。
另外可以通過電話營銷和網路銷售來提高銷售額。

1.概況分析:尋找你們產品和其他同類產品的優勢與劣勢的差距點。分析競爭對手的整體營銷策略,藉此去尋找機會點。
2.消費者分析:明確你們產品的受眾目標人群,如果是高端產品,就不要指望消費能力稍微低下的消費者。
3.銷售渠道:分析你們現在的銷售渠道是否合理。
4.廣告策略:明確你們現在的廣告訴求對象,訴求重點以及訴求方法是否正確。
5.品牌形象:是否樹立了完整的品牌形象,受眾對你們品牌的認知程度如何,在明確了你們的目標受眾後,針對目標人群去塑造品牌形象,分析你們產品的高端的產品形象是什麼。
首先要選拔精兵強將,成立「新市場開拓突擊隊」是一種比較可行的運作模式

如果把開發市場和維護市場的難度作一個比較,那麼開發市場的難度佔了80%,而維護市場的難度僅佔20%。作市場難就難在開發新市場上,這需要開發新市場的營銷經理具備很強的市場判斷能力、組織管理能力、市場應變能力,有媒體廣告投放經驗以及經銷商談判技巧,而中小企業營銷人才有限,很難有足夠的營銷經理具備新市場開拓的專業知識和經驗。

那麼中小企業組建一支「新市場開拓突擊隊」,摸索出一套適合本企業開拓新市場的營銷模式,然後根據待開發市場的特殊情況制定適合的推廣方案,並由「新市場開拓突擊隊」負責執行。

先期可以對市場進行試運作一段時間,由「新市場開拓突擊隊」的先導人員摸清當地市場的消費者、通路、終端市場、媒體、政府職能部門、競爭對手以及廣告公司等概況後,認為該市場有把握開發成功,「新市場開拓突擊隊」再進駐該市場,進行大規模地推廣。

開拓成功後留守少部分人員,其他人員轉到另一個新市場。

採用「新市場開拓突擊隊」運作模式有如下好處:

1、開發新市場的經驗可以得到不斷的總結,逐步完善企業的營銷模式。

2、把市場運作的經驗帶到了各區域市場,防止出現重復交「學費」的現象。

3、同步完成對營銷隊伍的培訓工作,迅速拉練出一支熟悉市場運作的營銷隊伍。

4、彌補中小企業高素質營銷經理的不足。

5、樹立經銷商的信心,使其認為企業對該區域市場高度重視,而且企業市場運作能力強,這樣的話容易得到經銷商的大力支持。 一個企業的銷售並不是一兩句話可以說完的,你最好招一個銷售能力和經驗都比較好的人做你公司的銷售經理,當老闆就是要借用別人的經驗能力去為公司創造利益的,你現在重要的不是單在銷售這一個方面上,你的工作任務是掌控全局,只有你的方向對了,用對人,你的業績自然就上去了!

Sales is the leader. A good company to be able to打硬仗a sales team in order to have a good 1, do not be afraid of sales to make money. Your policies to make sales to earn some money (sometimes you can not keep up with their own profits may dect a percentage of sales and more), this is the first step to do the management of cohesion.

2, the internal and external stress Lutheran. Speaking of brand awareness achieved.

3, and staff to share weal and woe. Let your employees feel you are not at all easy.

4, continue to strengthen the management to enhance the training of operational staff to improve skills and quality, timely and good at problem-solving problems. At the same time, management can not rece the treatment.

In addition to telephone marketing and sales network to increase sales.

1. Overview analysis: search for your procts and other similar procts, the strengths and weaknesses of the gap point. Analysis of competitor's overall marketing strategy to take this opportunity to point to search for.

2. Consumer analysis: a clear proct of the audience you target population, in the case of high-end procts, do not expect slightly lower spending power of consumers.

3. Marketing channels: analysis of your current sales channels are reasonable.

4. Advertising strategy: the ad is clearly the demands of your target, focus, and the demands of the demands of the correctness of the method.

5. Brand: whether to establish a complete brand image, the audience for your brand awareness of how, in the clear after your target audience, in view of the target population to create brand image, analyze your procts high-end procts, the image of what is .

First of all, the selection of elite troops forced to set up "to open up new markets commando" is a more feasible mode of operation

If the development of the market and maintain the market's difficult to make a comparison, then the difficulty of the development of the market accounted for 80 percent, and the difficulty of maintaining the market accounted for only 20%. The challenge for the market in the development of new markets, which need to develop new markets, marketing manager with a strong ability to judge the market, organization and management ability, market ability, and experience in media advertising as well as the dealer negotiation skills, marketing and small and medium-sized limited personnel, it is difficult enough with the marketing manager of new market development expertise and experience.

Then the formation of a small and medium-sized "commandos to open up new markets," a feeling for the enterprise market to open up new marketing mode, and then to be developed in accordance with the special circumstances of the market for the promotion of the development program by the "commandos to open up new markets "responsible for the implementation.

Pre-test on the market can operate for a period of time, by the "commandos to open up new markets," the precursor of staff to find out the local market of consumers, distributors, end markets, the media, government departments, advertising companies and other competitors as well as the profile, we think that The successful development of market certainty, "to open up new markets commando" re-entered the market for large-scale promotion.

After the success of opening up a small number of remaining staff, other personnel to the other new markets.

The use of "open up new markets commando" mode of operation has the following advantages:

1, the experience of the development of new markets can be summed up continuously, and graally perfect the business model of marketing.

2, the operation of the market experience to the regional market, to prevent plication of pay "fees" phenomenon.

3, simultaneous completion of the training of marketing teams, field training quickly familiar with the operation of the market out of a marketing team.

4, small and medium enterprises make up for the lack of high-quality marketing manager.

5, to establish the confidence of dealers, to the view that enterprises attach great importance to the regional market, and the operation of the enterprise market and strong, so that we could easily have been the strong support of dealers. Sales of an enterprise can not finish one or two words, you recruit the best sales ability and experience a better person to do all your company's sales manager, when the boss is to use the experience of others and the ability to create interest for the company and you are now is not alone in this one aspect of the sale, your task is to control the situation, only you in the right direction, with people, you naturally get the performance of the!

E. 市場營銷 英文版論文 20000英文字元

市場營銷 Marketing

市場營銷(Marketing)又稱為 市場學、市場行銷或行銷學。簡稱「營銷」,台灣常稱作「行銷」,是指個人或集體通過交易其創造的產品或價值以獲得所需之物實現雙贏或多贏的過程。

權威定義
美國市場營銷協會下的定義是:

行銷是創造、溝通與傳送價值給顧客,及經營顧客關系以便讓組織與其利益關系人受益的一種組織功能與程序

菲利普·科特勒下的定義強調了營銷的價值導向:

市場營銷是個人和集體通過創造,提供出售,並同別人交換和價值,以獲得其所需所欲之物的一種社會和管理過程。

而格隆羅斯給的定義強調了營銷的目的:

營銷是在一種利益之上下,通過相互交換和承諾,建立、維持、鞏固與消費者及其他參與者的關系,實現各方的目的)。

[編輯] 新式定義
台灣的江亘松在<你的行銷行不行>中強調行銷的變動性,利用行銷的英文 Marketing 作了下面的定義

「什麼是行銷?」就字面上來說,「行銷」的英文是「Marketing」,若把 Marketing 這個字拆成 Market(市場)與 ing(英文的現在進行式表示方法)這兩個部分,那行銷可以用「市場的現在進行式」來表達產品、價格、促銷、通路的變動性導致供需雙方的微妙關系。

<你的行銷行不行>ISBN: 978-986-82609-5-5,理財文化, 2007.08 出版

[編輯] 市場營銷理論發展的四個階段
初創階段(1900年—1920年)
功能研究階段(1921年—1945年)
現代市場營銷學形成和發展階段(1945年—1980年)
營銷擴展階段(1980年以後)

[編輯] 市場與需求
市場營銷學中的市場可以等同於需求,即研究消費者的現實需求和潛在需求。

美國市場營銷協會(AMA)的定義委員會1960年對市場提出以下的定義:

「 市場是指一種貨物或勞務的潛在購買者的集合需求。 」

菲利普·科特勒把市場定義為

「 市場是指某種產品的所有實際的和潛在的購買者的集合。 」

[編輯] 市場的類型
市場從不同角度,可以劃分為不同的類型。其中按商品的基本屬性可劃分為一般商品市場和特殊商品市場。一般商品市場指狹義的商品市場,即貨物市場,包括消費品市場和工業品市場;特殊商品市場指為滿足消費者的資金需要和服務需要而形成的市場,包括資本市場,勞動力市場和技術信息市場。對以上兩種市場作分析時一般要研究消費者市場,產業市場和政府市場。

市場營銷環境分析常用的方法為SWOT分析方法,它是英文Strength(優勢)、Weakness(劣勢)、Opportunity(機會)、Threaten(威脅)的意思。從內部環境分析優劣勢,從外部環境分析機會與威脅。

[編輯] 市場營銷策略
營銷組合的四個因素常稱作4P,即:

產品(Proct)
價格 (Price)
推廣 (Promotion)
通路與配銷 (Place&Distribution)
這四個因素應用到營銷過程中,就形成了四方面的營銷策略。加上政治POLITICS和公共關系PUBLIC,是為6P。

1981年布姆斯(Booms)和比特納(Bitner)建議在傳統市場營銷理論4Ps的基礎上增加三個「服務性的P」,即:人員(People)、流程(Process)、環境(或是或實體環境;Physical evidence)。

根據與市場競爭對手對抗的需要而制定富有競爭力的產品、價格、渠道和促銷政策。這一時期誕生了著名的4P理論。當時還是大眾媒體盛行的時代,依靠大眾媒體促進銷售,無差異化策略成為這一階段的明顯特徵。

[編輯] 產品
產品策略主要研究新產品開發,產品生命周期,品牌策略等,是價格策略,促銷策略和分銷策略的基礎。

[編輯] 價格
價格策略又稱定價策略,主要研究產品的定價、調價等[[市場營銷工具]

[編輯] 推廣
推廣是將組織與產品訊息傳播給目標市場的活動,它主要的焦點在於溝通。透過推廣,企業試圖讓消費者知曉、了解、喜愛或購買產品,進而影響產品的知名度、形象、銷售量,乃至於企業的生長與生存。有了推廣,消費者才可得知產品提供何種利益、價格多少、可以到什麼地方購買及如何購買等,而這些消費者反應會進一步協助推動其他行銷組合(產品、價格、通路)。

[編輯] 通路
又稱渠道策略,也稱為促銷。它代表企業(機構)在將自身產品送抵最終消費者之前,所制定的與各類分銷商之間的貿易關系、成本分攤和利益分配方式的綜合體系。這里的分銷商既包含批發商,也包含零售商,甚至包含物流配送商和直銷公司的直銷人員。

企業制定分銷政策的目的是:讓產品更順暢地到達顧客手中,既要保證分銷成本低廉,又要保證顧客對送貨期、送貨量、裝配服務、疑難咨詢等方面的要求。

在產品日益豐富的情況下,分銷政策可能變得越來越難制定,因為相對於產品和品牌的過量,分銷商則顯得稀少,因而後者擁有了大量討價還價的權力,力圖從製造商或上游企業那裡獲得更大的利益分成比例。

零售商在最近10年的表現尤其令人矚目,它們不僅從事零售,也開始插手於產品的上游生產過程,並以自己的店鋪名稱或獨創名稱作為自己所產新品的品牌——即自有品牌(private brand/label),或叫店鋪品牌(store brand/label)。這更深地威脅到了純粹的製造企業的利潤空間,當然也大大增加了後者制定分銷策略的難度。

[編輯] 人員(People)
所有的人都直接或間接地被捲入某種服務的消費過程中,這是7P營銷組合很重要的一個觀點。知識工作者、白領雇員、管理人員以及部分消費者將額外的價值增加到了既有的社會總產品或服務的供給中,這部分價值往往非常顯著。

[編輯] 流程(Process)
服務通過一定的程序、機制以及活動得以實現的過程(亦即消費者管理流程),是市場營銷戰略的一個關鍵要素。

[編輯] 環境(Physical Evidence)
包括服務供給得以順利傳送的服務環境,有形商品承載和表達服務的能力,當前消費者的無形消費體驗,以及向潛在顧客傳遞消費滿足感的能力。

[編輯] 4C
包括:

顧客(Customer)
成本(Cost)
溝通(Communication)
便利(convenience)。
加上機會Chance,市場變化Change為6C。

不銷售製造的產品,而要將滿足消費者需求的產品售出;不要依競爭者或者自我的盈利策略定價,而是要通過一系列測試手段了解消費者為滿足需求願付出的成本;不要以自身為出發點,想著網點怎麼布置,採用什麼樣的通路策略,而要關注消費者購買產品的便利性;不是想著如何通過媒體傳播來提升銷量,而要和消費者互動溝通。

[編輯] 營銷種類

[編輯] 整合營銷
整合營銷傳播(Integrated Marketing Communications )

[編輯] 資料庫營銷(DATABASE MARKETING)

[編輯] 網路營銷(Internet Marketing)
網路營銷是企業整體營銷戰略的一個組成部分,是為實現企業總體經營目標所進行的,以互聯網為基本手段營造網上經營環境的各種活動。

網路營銷的職能包括網站推廣、網路品牌、信息發布、在線調研、顧客關系、顧客服務、銷售渠道、銷售促進八個方面。

Viral Marketing

[編輯] 標竿行銷(Bench Marketing)
由江亘松在<你的行銷行不行>提出

以某個市場上已經存在的競爭者為比較基準的行銷方式,例如普騰這家公司於十幾年前提出一句很經典的「Sorry,Sony」到現在還是經常被產業與學術界拿來當作行銷的案例,近年來Audi一直宣稱他們的部分車種在歐洲市場無論在性能或銷售上都令雙B感覺到威脅,這樣的行銷方法就是希望讓那些原本沒有打算買Audi的亞洲買家去思考,為什麼歐洲的消費者願意買的車在亞洲的我們卻沒有給予適當的評價。

當然要提出這樣的行銷方式勢必要先對自己的產品有一定的信心,否則如果「如花」喊出「Sorry林志玲」認同的觀眾應該不會太多吧。

Viral Marketing

[編輯] 直效營銷(DIRECT MARKETING)
根據kotler.keller行銷管理學第12版中譯本

直效行銷(direct marketing)是在沒有中間行銷商的情況下,利用消費者直接(consumer direct,CD)通路來接觸及傳送貨品和服務給客戶。主要通路包括直接信函、型錄、電話推銷,電視購物、小的售票亭、網路和汽車廣告。

直效行銷是互動是行銷系統,利用一種或多種媒體影響任何地區可衡量的回應或交易。特別是在電子行銷中正快速成長。

[編輯] 關系營銷(RELATIONSHIP MARKETING)
在很多情況下,公司並不能尋求即時的交易,所以他們會與長期供應商建立顧客關系。
公司想要展現給顧客的是卓越的服務能力,現在的顧客多是大型且全球性的。他們偏好可以提供不同地區配套產品
或服務的供應商,且可以快速解決各地的問題。
當顧客關系管理計畫被執行時,組織就必須同時注重顧客和產品管理。同時,公司必須明白,雖然關系行銷很重要,
但並不是在任何情況下都會有效的。因此,公司必須評估哪一個部門與哪一種特定的顧客採用關系行銷最有利。

[編輯] 燎原式行銷
由江亘松在<你的行銷行不行>提出「燎原式行銷」的重點在於,以自己強大的財力為基礎,先採取競爭對手無法跟隨並獲利的低價策略,逼迫市場競爭者紛紛退出並且樹立警告指標不讓其他潛在業者輕易越矩,這樣在下一個不怕死的競爭者出現之前,就可以創造一個無競爭者的獨占市場。

[編輯] 綠色營銷

[編輯] 社會營銷

[編輯] 營銷社團

[編輯] 市場調研
市場調研又稱營銷調研,指企業在市場營銷決策過程中,需要系統客觀收集和分析有關營銷活動的信息所做的研究。營銷調研活動涉及到產品,廣告,促銷渠道選擇,競爭者等諸多方面。

[編輯] 營銷理論的新發展
病毒式營銷
關系營銷
資料庫營銷
網路營銷
國際營銷
綠色營銷
服務營銷
過程營銷
收益管理

Marketing is an ongoing process of planning and executing the marketing mix (Proct, Price, Place, Promotion) for procts, services or ideas to create exchange between indivials and organizations.

Marketing tends to be seen as a creative instry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research.

Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or directing an organization to be successful in selling a proct or service that people not only desire, but are willing to buy.

Therefore good marketing must be able to create a "proposition" or set of benefits for the end customer that delivers value through procts or services.

Its specialist areas include:

advertising and branding
communications
database marketing
direct marketing
event organization
field marketing
global marketing
international marketing
internet marketing
instrial marketing
market research
public relations
retailing
search engine marketing
marketing strategy
marketing plan
strategic management
Experiential marketing
Social Influence Marketing

Contents [hide]
1 Introction
2 Concept of Marketing
3 Two levels of marketing
4 Four Ps
4.1 Seven Ps
5 Four New Ps
6 Proct
6.1 Scope
6.2 Steps in proct design
7 Packaging
7.1 Requirements of good packaging
7.2 Forms of packaging
8 Trademarks
8.1 Significance of a trademark
9 Brands
10 Pricing
10.1 Objectives
10.2 Factors influencing price-determination
10.3 Steps to determine price
11 Distribution (Place)
11.1 Channels
11.2 Manufacturers
11.2.1 Reasons for direct selling methods
11.2.2 Reasons for indirect selling methods
11.3 Wholesalers
11.3.1 Reasons for using wholesalers
11.3.2 Reasons for bypassing wholesalers
11.3.3 Ways of bypassing wholesalers
11.4 Agents
12 Marketing communications
12.1 Advertising
12.1.1 Functions and advantages of successful advertising
12.1.2 Objectives
12.1.3 Requirements of a good advertisement
12.1.4 Eight steps in an advertising campaign
12.2 Personal sales
12.3 Sales promotion
12.4 Marketing Public Relations (MPR)
13 Customer focus
14 Proct focus
15 See also
16 Related lists
17 References

[edit] Introction
A market-focused, or customer-focused, organization first determines what its potential customers desire, and then builds the proct or service. Marketing theory and practice is justified in the belief that customers use a proct or service because they have a need, or because it provides a perceived benefit.

Two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management). Once a marketer has converted the prospective buyer, base management marketing takes over. The process for base management shifts the marketer to building a relationship, nurturing the links, enhancing the benefits that sold the buyer in the first place, and improving the proct/service continuously to protect the business from competitive encroachments.

For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers or Shoppers in the target market. Trying to convince a market segment to buy something they don't want is extremely expensive and seldom successful. Marketers depend on insights from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are willing to pay for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing management is the practical application of this process. The offer is also an important addition to the 4P's theory.

Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are led by a Vice President or Director of Marketing. A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer.

The American Marketing Association (AMA) states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders."[1]

Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but growing influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. Marketing is a wide and heavily interconnected subject with extensive publications. It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.

[edit] Concept of Marketing
Marketing is an instructive business domain that serves to inform and ecate target markets about the value and competitive advantage of a company and its procts. 「Value」 is worth derived by the customer from owning and using the proct. 「Competitive Advantage」 is a depiction that the company or its procts are each doing something better than their competition in a way that could benefit the customer.

Marketing is focused on the task of conveying pertinent company and proct related information to specific customers, and there are a multitude of decisions (strategies) to be made within the marketing domain regarding what information to deliver, how much information to deliver, to whom to deliver, how to deliver, to deliver, and where to deliver. Once the decisions are made, there are numerous ways (tactics) and processes that could be employed in support of the selected strategies.

The goal of marketing is to build and maintain a preference for a company and its procts within the target markets. The goal of any business is to build mutually profitable and sustainable relationships with its customers. While all business domains are responsible for accomplishing this goal, the marketing domain bears a significant share of the responsibility.

Within the larger scope of its definition, marketing is performed through the actions of three coordinated disciplines named: 「Proct Marketing」, 「Corporate Marketing」, and 「Marketing Communications」. [2]

[edit] Two levels of marketing
Strategic marketing: attempts to determine how an organization competes against its competitors in a market place. In particular, it aims at generating a competitive advantage relative to its competitors.

Operational marketing: executes marketing functions to attract and keep customers and to maximize the value derived for them, as well as to satisfy the customer with prompt services and meeting the customer expectations. Operational Marketing includes the determination of the porter's five forces

[

F. 關於一篇市場調研報告的英文翻譯

1. 工作范圍
市場研究服務DR計劃將分為三個部分:
•評價區域集裝箱港口競爭力
•評價有競爭力的腹地/內陸運輸問題和成本
•集裝箱箱量預測/概況
Drewry將調查並確定在鄰近地區的每個競爭集裝箱港口和碼頭,並評估其設施和目前的能力,以及任何未來的擴展計劃。並將確定歷史箱量和區域的市場份額,以及每個競爭港口的內陸連接情況。主要客戶和貿易箱量也將盡可能的確定。
內陸連通性和成本將是確定港口市場競爭力的一個主要因素,Drewry 將比較區域競爭港口與主要內陸城市/市場的距離和成本作為分析競爭力的因素。而後,這份評估也可用於作為新的集裝箱碼頭的商業可行性報告。

集裝箱量預測/概括將根據上述每個競爭因素,以及有關的歷史GDP的增長,參照中國和未來的國內生產總值預期增長加以評價。航班在區域市場份額中將是一個決定未來的潛在箱量的關鍵因素。同時也將考慮該地區的進口和出口的生產基地和消費需求的因素。基地情況,高和低的箱量的預測/概括都將會提供。

3. 交付
這份市場研究將會以報告的形式用Microsoft Word做出,並通過電子郵件交付,基本標題如下:
a )執行摘要和結論
b )評價區域的集裝箱港競爭力
-區域內每個競爭港口的關鍵設施
-歷史箱量和市場份額
-內陸連接性
-主要航運路線客戶和貿易通道
-港口競爭能力的評價
-港口定價策略
c )對內陸運輸的競爭力問題評價
-貨運腹地分析
-評價港口內陸的分部網路-對比競爭
-內陸的距離和與主要內陸城市/市場的運輸方式
-內陸運輸成本
d )裝箱箱量量預測/概括
-重點行業分析
-對比中國的國內生產總值,評價區域的歷史集裝箱量增長情況
-基地,高和低的未來的貨量預測/概括。
報告草案將以英語提供,一旦最終完成,中文版連同英文版將最為最終報告一起提供。

G. 市場調查重要性的英文作文

water
is
very
important
for
living
things.
without
water
there
can
be
no
life
on
earth.
all
animals
and
plants
need
water.
man
also
needs
water.
water
is
found
atmosteverywhere.
even
in
the
driest
part
of
the
world
there
is
some
water
in
the
air.
as
we
all
have
found
out,
water
may
be
a
solid,
or
a
liquid
or
a
gas.when
it
isa
solid,
it
may
be
as
hard
as
brick,
when
itis
a
liquid,
you
can
pour
it
out
of
a
container.
when
it
is
a
gas,
you
cannot
see
or
feel
it.
although
about
70
percent
of
the
earth's
surface
is
covered
with
water,there
are
many
places
in
the
world
still
running
out
of
water.
so
we
should
make
good
use
of
water
on
earth.
若有幫助請點擊我回答下的【選為滿意答案】按鈕,
不要擺著問題不處理,浪費網路資源,謝謝!★★★★★★還望親給予好評★

H. 跪求中英語對照的4000字的關於市場營銷論文

體驗營銷在房地產企業中的應用

隨著體驗經濟時代的到來,房地產業傳統的戰略優勢,如自然資源、規模經濟、資金與技術優勢,隨著競爭的加劇正在縮小而不再成為必然的優勢;企業在產品、價格、渠道及促銷、服務等營銷操作層面上的競爭,則由於市場運作規范與信息的透明化,而使得相互間模仿和借鑒的速度越來越快,想以此建立起長久的競爭優勢也越來越不可能;同時,購房者在物質極大豐富的現代社會,也不再滿足於單純地購買產品,產品或服務所帶來的心理上效益也開始占據越來越重要的位置,原有的營銷模式已經不能很好的滿足消費者需求。三種變化的復合作用,使得開發商只有用創新心理和精神上的營銷手段,才能在未來的房地產競爭中打開局面,並最終帶來了強調在提高產品本身的使用價值時,開展各種溝通活動,增強顧客體驗需求,從而使顧客物質上和精神上得到雙重滿足的營銷理念——體驗式營銷,在房地產業中得以出現。

一、價值觀的演進對房地產營銷的影響

很多時候,顧客可能對產品鋪天蓋地的廣告置若罔聞。因為現在花里胡哨的廣告太多了,而且許多廣告承諾的兌現出現了不少的誠信問題,隨著價值觀的改變,顧客對於廣告的信任正在日益降低。其實顧客更在意的是體現在細節上的實實在在的體驗,一個優秀的品牌如果在細節上讓顧客獲得實實在在的舒適體驗其實勝過廣告十倍百倍。
房地產開發商必須清楚的認識到:現代營銷已進入「體驗時代」,房地產行業的環境、特性已經發生了變化,消費者的行為也有了較大的改變,這就要求企業採取合適的營銷手段。到底什麼樣的營銷方式才是適合自己的?筆者認為,房地產開發商必須改變創造價值的方式,與消費者共創價值,讓消費者成為體驗的共同創造者。
消費者價值是營銷關注的核心,向顧客提供何種價值是企業制勝的基本問題。傳統的教科書列舉了4種消費者價值,即功能價值、情感價值、社交價值和個人價值。當前,企業已經「體驗」到了「體驗經濟」所帶來的新的價值。「消費者的體驗」已經成為第5種消費者價值,即消費者購買和追求的是體驗價值。[1]

二、房地產體驗營銷的特點

在企業開展體驗營銷之前,首先應該對「體驗營銷」的特點有所認識:房地產體驗營銷主要有個性化、無形性、延續性、互動性、主觀性等特點。
其一,個性化。產品營銷中強調提供標准化的產品,服務營銷強調產品和服務的定製,而在體驗營銷中,由於個體存在巨大差異性,要吸引個體參與達到互動,在營銷活動設計中就必須體現較強的個性化。房地產的每個項目都有自己的特點,因此各自定位也不同,除了山水等不可復制的資源,任何特點都可以作為體驗營銷的內容。
其二,無形性。房地產是一個綜合性的行業,除了開發房子,服務更是非常重要的一方面,但是服務本身是以產品為依託的,具有無形性,開發商們通常的做法是將房子和服務捆綁式銷售,以更完善地服務消費者,當然許多服務本身也是一種體驗。但在體驗營銷中的無形性更強調顧客所能感受到的一種難忘的、身臨其境的體驗,它是一種被感知的效果。
其三,延續性。消費者在購房前所獲得的感受並不會因一次體驗的完成而馬上消失,而是具有一定的延續性,如消費者對體驗的各種回憶等,有時消費者事後甚至會對這種體驗重新評價,產生新的感受。因此房地產體驗營銷的效果是長期性的,一旦消費者對體驗滿意,他們對開發商及產品往往產生高度忠誠。
其四,互動性。在產品營銷中,消費者是企業的「用戶」;在服務營銷中,消費者被稱為「客戶」;而在體驗營銷中,消費者是企業的「客人」,也是體驗活動的「主人」。因為房地產體驗活動必須要有消費者的參與,進而在消費者和開發商及產品之間發生一種互動行為。消費者的「主動參與」是體驗營銷的根本所在,這是區別於「商品營銷」和「服務營銷」的最顯著的特徵。離開了消費者的主動性,所有的「體驗」都是不可能產生並被消費者自己消費的。
其五,主觀性。在產品營銷中,企業用價格或其他差異化手段區別於其他企業,在服務營銷中企業通過服務價值等讓渡使顧客獲得更大的利益;而房地產體驗營銷活動的最終效果是建立在購房者主體印象(主要包括時間、空間、技術、真實性、質地、規格等方面的特徵)的基礎上的,它包含了個體差異的影響,對不同的印象不同的個體有不同的感受,表現為一種購房者個體的主觀性。

三、體驗營銷在房地產行業的應用

國內房地產商所實踐的房地產體驗營銷就是在整個營銷行為的過程中,把消費者的感性行為劃分為看(See)、聽(Hear)、使用(Use)和參與(Participate)四個連貫的環節,充分利用感性信息的能力,通過影響消費者的更多的感官感受來介入其行為過程,從而影響消費者的決策過程與結果。
筆者認為,房地產體驗營銷就是利用傳統文化、現代科技、藝術和大自然等整合手段來影響消費者的看、聽、使用和參與行為,充分刺激和調動消費者的感官、情感、思考、行動、關聯等感性因素和理性因素,在產品、服務、情境等方面為消費者創造值得回憶和持續愉悅的豐富體驗,從而促進產品的銷售和顧客價值最大化。
筆者認為,房地產體驗營銷可以分為三個階段進行:體驗前營銷、體驗中營銷和體驗後營銷。
(一)體驗前營銷
體驗前營銷是一個非常重要的階段,這一階段的主要任務包括開發商內部和外部情況及營銷模式分析、顧客體驗期望分析和體驗設計。
通過分析消費者的體驗世界,能夠獲得消費者內心最深處的想法,房地產開發商要分析消費者的商業環境和生存環境包括社會文化因素、消費者的體驗需求和期望以及生活方式。開發商需要將廣泛的生活方式聯繫到產品的使用情況上,包括產品的質量和功能、品牌的知名度和美譽度、產品的銷售情況。同時還要考慮競爭對手、合作夥伴,以及整個產業的有關情況,最後聯繫到品牌上,也就是說開發商不是以產品而是以顧客體驗即以人們購房時的消費意境來把自己和別的開發商區分開來。
現在從顧客的立場出發,梳理出顧客體驗世界的4個層次:Ⅰ.品牌提供的體驗;Ⅱ.產品的品類提供的體驗;Ⅲ.品牌的使用和消費環境提供的體驗;Ⅳ.廣義的體驗與顧客的社會文化環境或與房地產投資的大環境相關聯。[3]
房地產的品牌是從品牌提供的特定體驗開始的,然後上升到更廣泛的意義上。品牌體驗就是住宅看起來怎麼樣、環境如何、配套設施是否完善等,這種品牌體驗一部分是由產品品類驅動的,如房型、結構的不同,普通住宅、別墅的不同等,都會引起不同的產品品類體驗。更重要的是品牌和產品品類融合在更廣義的消費環境中,即住宅能夠提供最基本的擋風遮雨、居住的使用功能。最後,這種消費環境(居住)是社會文化的一部分,消費者所購買居住、投資的住宅往往和自身的身份、社會地位、生活方式等聯系在一起。從特定的體驗上升到更廣義的層次上,就能夠更理解住宅對現在的顧客意味著什麼。一旦融合進個人職業生活的環境,產品本身看起來就那麼不顯眼了,房地產產品就有了新的意義,提供了新的市場機會。
了解顧客對體驗的期望是為顧客創造體驗價值的前提,因為顧客的滿意來自於體驗感知與體驗期望之間的比較,符合顧客體驗期望的產品和服務才能創造顧客滿意;而超越顧客期望的體驗經歷將創造顧客忠誠,最終實現企業的長期可持續贏利。設計顧客體驗、搭建體驗平台,這是分析顧客體驗世界與傳遞體驗之間最主要的連接點。
(二)體驗中營銷
體驗中營銷就是體驗實施的過程,這個過程中顧客直接參與體驗,體驗平台要在與顧客的接觸中實施。因此,需要對體驗現場進行控制,引導顧客體驗按照體驗設計的主題線索有效開展活動,從而最大限度地實現顧客的體驗期望。房地產開發商可通過定期組織開展活動讓購房者及業主參與進來,地點最好是選擇在產品實景區,購房者通過參與活動實實在在地感受到社區的環境及文化,還可增進鄰里之間的感情,這對促進購房者消費是十分見效的。現在越來越多的開發商意識到這點,篝火節、業主游、美食節等活動不斷在開發商中上演,事實證明這對促進房子銷售確實很有效果。

(三)體驗後營銷
體驗後營銷就是進行溝通與反饋。體驗是為了加深購房者對產品和服務的了解,促進銷售,但也是為了進一步認識購房者的心理需求。因此,要能夠在購房者體驗的時候獲得購房者的反饋信息,了解購房者的期望,同時加強與購房者的溝通。一方面對購房者感到不滿意的地方進行期望再分析,以備重新設計體驗,不斷改善體驗,使之更符合購房者的需要;另一方面,可以超越購房者期望,實現購房者的全面滿意,建立企業的顧客忠誠,維持企業的長期成長和贏利。萬科地產在這方面有很多值得我們借鑒的地方,體驗後的問卷填寫、銷售代表的電話回訪、項目建設進度的定期匯報等都是了解購房者體驗感受的好方法。

四、我國房地產體驗營銷誤區

由於對體驗營銷的概念、框架、策略以及消費者行為的變化沒有足夠的了解,我國房地產開發商在實踐中對體驗營銷的認識和應用出現了一些誤區。
(一)體驗營銷就是讓客戶在樣板房裡住幾天
讓客戶在樣板房裡住上幾天就能得到一個良好的客戶滿意度?其實不然。因為,用於體驗的樣板房往往是建在尚未完全竣工的在建樓里,並不能夠完全提供全套的生活設備,如上下水不通、室外園林未完成等,難以滿足實際使用功能。這樣客戶就很難得到真實的居住體驗。如果是在現樓中體驗,由於房地產的預售特性,到那時候再展示,意義也不大。所以,好的體驗應該是從客戶參觀朋友新居開始,從對園林的觀感認識開始。
(二)眼球經濟代表萬能
體驗營銷應該讓消費者、業主受益,而不應干擾正常的生活和工作秩序。當年深圳拒絕蜘蛛人攀爬地王大廈和賽格廣場,理由在於寫字樓就是用來辦公的,不應該受到不必要的干擾。諸多商業秀僅僅以娛眾的方式獲取眼球,卻忽視了是否會影響受眾客戶的心理,很難讓消費者對項目本身產生足夠的信心,必然會遭到失敗。
(三)通宵排隊是體驗營銷
有眾多樓盤在開盤前日出現通宵排隊的現象,這其中有許多消費者為了選到滿意的房號不得不連夜排隊。開發商或代理商的確希望出現這種樓盤熱銷、供不應求的場面,以便促成客戶盡快簽訂購房合同,但此舉往往拉開了與客戶之間的心理距離。其實,目前並不存在短缺經濟,房地產市場尤其如此,排隊選房不是好的體驗方式。
(四)售樓處過分舒適
售樓處適當的裝修是必要的,但過分鋪張,就是一種浪費。其實客戶最為關注的仍然是樓盤的實際品質,對售樓處的感知僅僅是停留在環境和服務的感性層面上,而過分追求客戶感受不到的層面是沒意義的。
(五)宣傳造勢越熱越好
即便是成功的宣傳造勢往往也過度地提高了業主的期望值,常使得業主入住後產生落差,最後往往對項目認知形成不良印象。而網路是一個非常公共的、虛擬的空間,許多不可測因素在網路里都可能發生,一些情緒化的宣洩甚至能給項目帶來破壞性影響。

一、價值鏈的概念和構成
企業要生存和發展,必須為企業的股東和其他利益集團包括員工、顧客、供貨商以及所在地區和相關行業等創造價值。如果把「企業」這個「黑匣子」打開,我們可以把企業創造價值的過程分解為一系列互不相同但又相互關聯的經濟活動,或者稱之為「增值活動」,其總和即構成企業的「價值鏈」。任何一個企業都是其產品在設計、生產、銷售、交貨和售後服務方面所進行的各項活動的聚合體。每一項經營管理活動就是這一價值鏈條上的一個環節。企業的價值鏈及其進行單個活動的方式,反映了該企業的歷史、戰略、實施戰略的方式以及活動自身的主要經濟狀況。
價值鏈可以分為基本增值活動和輔助性增值活動兩大部分。企業的基本增值活動,即一般意義上的「生產經營環節」,如材料供應、成品開發、生產運行、成品儲運、市場營銷和售後服務。這些活動都與商品實體的加工流轉直接相關。企業的輔助性增值活動,包括組織建設、人事管理、技術開發和采購管理。這里的技術和采購都是廣義的,既可以包括生產性技術,也包括非生產性的開發管理,例如,決策技術、信息技術、計劃技術;采購管理既包括生產原材料,也包括其他資源投入的管理,例如,聘請有關咨詢公司為企業進行廣告策劃、市場預測、法律咨詢、信息系統設計和長期戰略計劃等。
價值鏈的各環節之間相互關聯,相互影響。一個環節經營管理的好壞可以影響到其他環節的成本和效益。比方說,如果多花一點成本采購高質量的原材料,生產過程中就可以減少工序,少出次品,縮短加工時間。雖然價值鏈的每一環節都與其他環節相關,但是一個環節能在多大程度上影響其他環節的價值活動,則與其在價值鏈條上的位置有很大的關系。根據產品實體在價值鏈各環節的流轉程序,企業的價值活動可以被分為「上游環節」和「下游環節」兩大類。在企業的基本價值活動中,材料供應、產品開發、生產運行可以被稱為「上游環節」;成品儲運、市場營銷和售後服務可以被稱為「下游環節」。上游環節經濟活動的中心是產品,與產品的技術特性緊密相關;下游環節的中心是顧客,成敗優劣主要取決於顧客特點。
不管是生產性還是服務性行業,企業的基本活動都可以用上價值鏈來表示,但是不同的行業價值的具體構成並不完全相同,同一環節在各行業中的重要性也不同。例如,在農產品行業,由於產品本身相對簡單,競爭主要表現為價格競爭,一般較少需要廣告茗銷,對售後服務的要求也不是特別強烈,與之相應,價值鏈的下游環節對企業經營的整體效應的影響相對次要;而在許多工業機械行業以及其他技術性要求較高的行業,售後服務往往是競爭成敗的關鍵。
二、價值鏈與企業的競爭優勢
「價值鏈」理論的基本觀點是,在一個企業眾多的「價值活動」中,並不是每一個環節都創造價值。企業所創造的價值,實際上來自企業價值鏈上的某些特定的價值活動;這些真正創造價值的經營活動,就是企業價值鏈的「戰略環節」。企業在競爭中的優勢,尤其是能夠長期保持的優勢,說到底,是企業在價值鏈某些特定的戰略價值環節上的優勢。而行業的壟斷優勢來自於該行業的某些特定環節的壟斷優勢,抓住了這些關鍵環節,也就抓住了整個價值鏈。這些決定企業經營成敗和效益的戰略環節可以是產品開發、工藝設計,也可以是市場營銷、信息技術,或者認識管理等等,視不同的行業而異。在高檔時裝業,這種戰略環節一般是設計能力;在卷煙業,這種戰略環節主要是廣告宣傳和公共關系策略(也就是如何對付各種政府和消費者組織的戒煙努力);在餐飲業,這種戰略環節主要是餐館地點的選擇。
雖然如前所述不同行業有不同的價值鏈,同一環節在各行業的作用也不相同,但是,對於具有較大規模的企業,例如跨國公司則可以通過價值鏈上的關鍵環節也就是核心能力在相關行業中進行擴散和移植,從而提高企業尤其是跨國公司的競爭優勢。跨國公司在國際營銷活動中擁有全球跨行業營銷的范圍經濟效應。這種范圍經濟效應是跨國公司通過最佳廣度(范圍)地使用通用型要素和資源而獲得的。這種通用型要素可以是通用的生產設備、管理經驗、營銷技能和研究開發能力。由於在價值鏈的每一個環節幾乎都能發現通用型要素的存在,那麼,當兩個行業的價值鏈上的關鍵環節也就是核心能力需要相同的通用型要素時,跨國公司就將自己在一個行業中的核心能力擴散到另一個相關行業,使得范圍經濟效應轉化為范圍經濟優勢。因此,跨國公司在一個行業的營銷溝通活動中獲得的先進知識、經驗和技能,可以不需要很大的追加投資就能轉移到其他相關行業。如美國的菲利浦一莫利斯公司是著名的煙草商,創造了萬寶路這樣的全球性香煙品牌,該公司進入食品行業後,帶入了其卓越的廣告、營銷推廣等營銷溝通技巧,使得像米勒啤酒等品牌也迅速成為美國的領先品牌,並走向世界。
當跨國公司進行全球營銷時,范圍經濟優勢又可以同時轉移到新進入的國別市場。根據該國的特定市場環境,跨國公司有計劃地選擇相關行業的產品相繼導入,在市場研究、促銷技巧和共同渠道等方面形成范圍經濟效應,尤其是促銷行為的協同效應對樹立跨國公司在當地的整體形象具有重要的戰略意義。如飛利浦公司在包括中國在內的許多國家都引入其照明、微電子、計算機硬體、家用電器等相關行業的多種產品,並使用相同的廣告語「讓我們做得更好」,使得公司形象非常鮮明。盡管其多年營運狀況不佳,但據調研顯示在中國市場上飛利浦公司的知名度要遠高於通用電氣等強勁的競爭對手。其他如日用消費品行業的跨國公司在各國市場上都如出一轍地引入家用洗滌劑、消費紙品、個人護理用品和食品保健品,這些都是跨國公司獲得范圍經濟效應的例證。
很顯然,要保持企業對某一產品的壟斷優勢,關鍵是保持這一產品價值鏈上的戰略環節的壟斷優勢,並不需要在所有的價值活動上都保持壟斷優勢。戰略環節要緊緊控制在企業內部,很多非戰略性的活動則完全可以通過合同的方式承包出去,盡量利用市場以減低成本,增加靈活性。對戰略環節的壟斷可以採取許多形式,既可以是壟斷關鍵原材料,壟斷關鍵人才,也可以是壟斷關鍵銷售渠道、關鍵市場,等等。比如說,在很多靠特殊技能競爭的行業,例如廣告業、表演業、體育業,這種壟斷優勢通常來自於對若干關鍵人才的壟斷;在很多靠產品特色競爭的行業,這種壟斷優勢往往是來自於對關鍵技術或原料配方的壟斷,例如可口可樂的配方,麥當勞「巨無霸」漢堡包的專用調料配方,都是絕密級別的商業秘密。在高科技產品行業,這種壟斷優勢通常來自於對若干關鍵生產技術,例如對計算機的晶元生產技術的壟斷造就了全球晶元巨頭IN-TEL公司。而微軟(Microsoft)則在電腦軟體領域擁有無與倫比的創新能力。廣州寶潔從成立開始就以「世界一流產品,美化您的生活」作為企業的經營理念,樹立「寶潔公司,優質產品」的形象。為了維護其優質產品概念,公司動用其在全世界擁有的超過100名的專業技術人員,每年都花費其銷售額的8%-10%(約5億到7億元)的費用進行專門的產品研究,寶潔認為,只有不斷開發產品功能,提高科技含量,才能佔領市場。優質產品概念不等同於國家、行業的標准。為了開發一個優質產品概念,寶潔每年花費銷售額的1%-3%進行各方面的市場研究,用寶潔的話說,優質產品必須是消費者合同的產品,產品核心功能和外圍功能都成為滿足

Experiential Marketing in Real Estate Enterprises

With the experience economy era, the strategic advantages of traditional real estate instry, such as natural resources, economies of scale, capital and technological advantages, with the increased competition is narrowing rather than as a natural advantage; enterprises in proct, pricing, channels and promotion, marketing services, operating at the level of competition, e to the operation of the market norms of transparency and information, and made to imitate and learn from each other at an increasing rate, I would like to establish long-term competitive advantage has become increasingly impossible; At the same time, buyers great material wealth of modern society, are no longer simply satisfied with the purchase of procts, goods or services brought about by the psychological benefits have begun to occupy an increasingly important location, the original Marketing can not be a good model to meet consumer demand. Three changes in the role of the composite, making developers use the innovative marketing of psychological and spiritual means, in order to compete in the future to open real estate situation, and eventually brought in to increase emphasis on the value of the proct itself, the various communication activities, and enhance the customer experience needs, so that customers receive the material and spiritual concept of the al meet marketing - Experiential marketing, to appear in the real estate instry.

First, the evolution of the values of the impact of the real estate marketing

In many cases, customers may have turned a deaf ear to proct advertising overwhelming. Because there are too many ads, and many advertising commitments to honor the integrity of a number of emerging issues, with the changes in values, the confidence of customers for the advertisers are increasingly reced. In fact, customer care is reflected in the details of the real experience, a good brand in the details for customers to get real comfortable experience times in fact, a hundred times better than advertising.
Real estate developers a clear understanding of the need to: modern marketing has entered the "Experience Era", the real estate instry, the environment, characteristics has changed, consumers also enjoy a greater degree of change, which requires enterprises to adopt an appropriate marketing. In the end what kind of marketing is appropriate for their own? I believe that real estate developers must change the way of creating value, and consumers to create value, so that consumers become co-creators of experience.
Consumer value is the core of marketing attention to what customers value is the fundamental question of winning. Traditional textbook lists four kinds of consumer value, namely, functional value, emotional value, social value and personal value. At present, the company has "experience" to the "experience economy" brought about by the new value. "Consumer experience" has become the first five kinds of consumer value, namely, the pursuit of consumer purchases and the value of the experience.

I. 「市場調研」英文怎麼說

「市場調研」

"Market Research"

(9)如何選擇市場調研英語文章擴展閱讀:

市場調研(market research) 是一種把消費者及公共部門和市場聯系起來的特定活動一一這些信息用以識別和界定市場營銷機會和問題,產生、改進和評價營銷活動,監控營銷績效,增進對營銷過程的理解。

市場調研的意義

具體來看,市場調研對營銷管理的重要性表現在五個方面

1、提供作為決策基礎的信息;

2、彌補信息不足的缺陷 ;

3、了解外部信息 ;

4、了解市場環境變化;

5、了解新的市場環境 ;

作為市場營銷活動的重要環節,市場調研給消費者提供一個表達自己意見的機會,使他們能夠把自己對產品或服務的意見、想法及時反饋給企業或供應商。通過市場調研,能夠讓該產品生產或提供服務的企業了解消費者對產品或服務質量的評價、期望和想法。

參考鏈接:網路-市場調研

J. 求一篇商務英語作文。用英文寫。要求在補充裡面,不會寫,誰能幫我翻譯一下也行!

就是寫市場調研報告咯~1.概述 1.1 營銷目標 這一部分闡述你研究的問題和它將給讀者帶來什麼收獲。 1.2 背景 這一部分可以講,例如銷售歷史,銷售記錄,市場佔有率,當地消費者現狀。 1.3 調研方法 列出調研報告中用到的數據來源(一手&二手的)以及問卷發放形式(網路?紙質發放?)P.S:把調查問卷表附在最後的「附錄」里。 1.4 調研范圍 這一部分講述你著重調查的產品或者公司的某一個方面(比如調查重點是XX產品的市場佔有率這一個方面)你也可以講講為什麼從這個方面這個角度入手調研,而不選擇其他方面。

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