summary怎么写_英语summary怎么写

Ⅰ 怎么写summary 如何写summary

1、英语中的SUMMARY撰写的具体格式步骤如下：

2、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。

3、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。

4、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。

5、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。

Ⅱ 如何写好英文论文summary

summary写作要求你具备的几种能力：

第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。

第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。

第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。

读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，

即写作内容1为概括短文要点，还有写作内容2 则是就某个主题发表看法。

然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容2对写作内容1的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料，直接去阅读文章得出要点。事实上，所谓“读写任务”其是读和写的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容2的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。

一、概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。

标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。

二、概括的写作步骤：

1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。

2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。

3. 重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。

4. 重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。

口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子）

三、写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。

2) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

3) 删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词。

上述对于英文论文summary写作技巧的分析后，在写作的时候切记一定要站在中立的观点来写，把那个要掺杂进自己个人的想法而改变了原意，尽量做到言简意赅，用最简单的语言来解释原文中一些比较复杂的。(以上内容来源于学术堂)

Ⅲ summary怎么写

summary
英['sʌm(ə)rɪ]美['sʌməri]
adj. 简易的；扼要的
n. 概要，摘要，总结
Summaryexecutions of African men in groups of 60 to 70 have been documented.
Auerbach has written an accessiblesummaryof the literature on the incidence of the tax.
If someone in business returns from a conference, you are likely to see a videosummary.
Insummary, there is strong evidence that investors ignore selection biases in fund performance advertisements.
Thank you Media Matters, for an efficientsummaryof the terms of the energy debate.
For more on the topic, New Scientist offers this cleversummaryin video.
It is impossible to give a briefsummaryof what has happened in the eastern Congo?
Thesummaryof responses to the consultation has been published on the department's website.
Below I provide some quotes from her appearance, along with asummaryof the law.
SummaryOpinion 2012-100, (October 16, 2012), sometimes all the Service needs is the smell test.
As Nagasaki shows, the Japanese have learned to exactsummaryjustice at the ballot-box.
The SCMP's wiresummarysaid the proposed law is a watered-down version of the original.
Download the full report, the ExecutiveSummaryor browse the report by chapter.
Tonight we will be sending you asummarythat you may share with your clients.
The rougher and moresummaryhis work, the greater its appeal to the cultivated.
Click here for copies of a six-pagesummaryof this important Center Roundtable Discussion.
It's compiled by the online magazine, Slate, and here is Mark Jordan Legan withSummaryJudgment.
Insummary, we have a gap up this morning after a sharp 7 day decline.
The NHS is working towards compiling an Emergency CareSummaryfor every person in Scotland.
If you lose yoursummaryplan description, you may have a difficult time getting another .

Ⅳ 英文写作中的summary应该怎么写有范文可以参考吗

首先Summary的写作应该分为以下6步：
①分段阅读
首先，我们需要对整篇文章浏览一次，根据文中的标题、副标题等分段阅读。
②重读
主动阅读文章，并把主题句、关键句以及对写作summary有用的信息标记出来。
③概括
在明确了每个分段的中心思想之后，用一句话概括出来。注意：句中只需要关键点，不需要进行细节性的描述。
④主旨
主旨句是一篇摘要的关键点，读者可从中获知整篇文章所要表达的内容。因此，一定要写好主旨句。
⑤写summary
在写summary的时候一定要注意：在summary中需要写原作者和作品的名称，且要用现在时去写作，尽量避免使用原文内容。除此之外，摘要的写作目的在于准确表达作者的观点，所以一定不可以添加自己的观点在里边。
⑥检查并修改
在summary完成之后需要检查我们是否准确的将作者的观点表达出来了，如果没有问题的话，也还是需要从个事、语法以及标点等方面进行一次检查。
下边BayDue给大家分享一篇summary写作范文：
Why do some animals die out?
In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct.People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods.As they spread over the land,they destroy animals'homes.If the animals can't find a place to live,they die out.Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason.Other animals,such as the Florida Key deer,may soon die out because they are losing their homes.Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct,too.In the last century,hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos.
Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves.Pollution is killing many animals today,too.As rivers become polluted,fish are poisoned.Many die.Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong,healthy eggs.New birds aren’t born.So far,no animals have become extinct because of pollution.But some,such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican,have become rare and may die out.
Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate.The places where they live become hotter or cooler,drier or wetter.The food that they eat cannot grow there any more.If the animals can't learn to eat something else,they die.Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason.
Summary:
In the past two hundred years,many kinds of animals have died out.There are several reasons for it.First,people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods,which destroys animals'homes.Then,hunters'killing has also caused some animals to become extinct.Besides,some animals aren't able to bear strong offspring and nor do they have enough food to eat because of pollution and climatic changes.

Ⅳ 英语summary怎么写

英语summary的写法：首先记下关键词，要点或论点和主题句；第二步，形成一段简短的大纲，遵循原始组织；第三步，用我们自己的语言；第四步，在摘要中使用关键字，并相应地为摘要提供标题；第五步，避免例子，引言，技术用语使用简单UND易懂的英语；第六步，必须客观并且以第三人称。

在科技文献和教科书中，Summary强调对研究课题内容的概括，比如实验内容、目的、研究的展望等方面的简述。提要对字数的要求比较灵活，可长可短。既可以图文并茂，也可以广征博引。既可放在文前，也可以置于文后。Summary一般在完成完成后再写作，主要目的是帮助了解文章。

(5)summary怎么写扩展阅读

写好SUMMARY还要注意4要4不要：

4要是：要包括主要意思，要包括主要论点，要筛选减少内容，要用自己的词语，一定要用自己的话，一定要用自己的话，一定要用自己的话，重要的事情说三遍。

4不要是：不要含有你自己的观点，不要有非原材料的观点，不要用你自己认为作者说的是什么，不要整段从原文拷贝。

Ⅵ 英语写作summary

关于总结，我们在接触到英文之后，这个写作也接踵而来。下面是我给大家整理的英语写作summary，供大家参阅!

英语写作summary：Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong

Article

Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong

William Kilpatrick

Many of today’s young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension (道德层面) to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that’s true, but none more prominent than a failed system of ecation that eschews (回避) teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called “decision-making,” was introced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced “character ecation. (品格教育)” Character ecation didn’t ask children to reinvent the moral wheel (浪费时间重新发明早已存在的道德标准); instead, it encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self-control.

In the 1940s, when a character ecation approach prevailed, teachers worried about students chewing gum; today they worry about robbery and rape.

Decision-making curriculums pose thorny (棘手的) ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are in dispute. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they’ve never acquired in the first place or upon which they have only a tenuous (薄弱的) hold. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if only they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion.

For example, a recent national study of 1,700 sixth- to ninth-graders revealed that a majority of boys considered rape to be acceptable under certain conditions. Astoundingly, many of the girls agreed.

This kind of moral illiteracy is further encouraged by values-ecation (价值观教育) programs that are little more than courses in self-esteem (自尊). These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won’t want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who has uncritical self-regard will conclude that he or she can’t do anything bad.

Such naive self-acceptance results in large part from the non-directive (无指导性的), non-judgmental (无是非观的), as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choices mentality (思想) that has pervaded (渗透) public ecation for the last two and one-half decades. Many of today’s drug ecation, sex ecation and values-ecation courses are based on the same 1960s philosophy that helped fuel the explosion in teen drug use and sexual activity in the first place.

Meanwhile, while ecators are still fiddling with (胡乱摆弄) outdated “feel-good” approaches, New York, Washington, and Los Angeles are burning. Youngsters are leaving school believing that matters of right and wrong are always merely subjective. If you pass a stranger on the street and decide to murder him because you need money—if it feels right—you go with that feeling. Clearly, murder is not taught in our schools, but such a conclusion—just about any conclusion—can be reached and justified using the decision-making method.

It is time to consign (寄出) the fads (风尚) of “decision-making” and “non-judgmentalism” to the ash heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character ecation provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it but by practicing it.

Sample

Summary of “Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong”

In his essay “,” fervently that the approach to the moral ecation of American youth, which replaced “character ecation” 25 years ago, has prevented juveniles from behaving and thinking in accordance with the traditional moral principles that are fundamental to American society.

subjective constructs with only relative truth in them and therefore can be interpreted flexibly and even about what should be clearly right or wrong.

are the unexpected outcomes of that subscribe to the “non-judgmental” mindset dominating . that feeling good warrants morality excuses students from criticizing and disciplining their own behaviors.

emphasizing practice instead of discussion.

英语summary的写作技巧

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。第一步：阅读

A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作

A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。

2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：

“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”

可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”

“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”

6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：

“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”

可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”

7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：

“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them ring the winter vocation.”

可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read ring the vocation.”

8) 使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。

9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：

Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful„ like eating cardboard or sand„ just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”

可以用第三人称概括为：

Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could rece the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.

第三步：修改成文

草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。

经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。

附：

摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要。

1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品，然后对作品进行整体分析，掌握原文总的意思和结构，明确全文的主题(the maintheme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)。

2)弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。

3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

4)草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。在写作时要特别注意下面几点：

(1)摘要应包括原文中的主要事实(main facts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessary details)。

(2)安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。

(3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。

(4)尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句。

(5)计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

英语的summary怎么写

怎么写SUMMARY摘要(summary)是一种对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文.它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容.摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文.另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向.这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力.因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法.

下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要.

1)细读原文.首先要仔细阅读全篇作品,然后对作品进行整体分析,掌握原文总的意思和结构,明确全文的主题(the maintheme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea).

2)弄清要求.搞清楚是写全文概要,还是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点.3)列出原文要点.分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序.在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分.

4)草拟写作提纲并写出初稿.将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲,以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿.在写作时要特别注意下面几点：

(1)摘要应包括原文中的主要事实(main facts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessary details).(2)安排好篇幅的比例.摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容.(3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接.要用适当的转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子.

(4)尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句.

(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求.

如何写一篇文章的摘要?– 下文是对《英语写作手册》相关章节的翻译

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述.它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题.写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文.

第一步：阅读

A.认真阅读给定的原文材料.如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍.阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻.

B.给摘要起一个标题.用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题.也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题.主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾.一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想.

C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了.对重要部分的主要观点进行概括.

D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西.

第二步：动手写作

A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长.因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字.摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字.

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成.不要引用原文的句子.

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序.这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实.

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意.

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1) 删除细节.只保留主要观点.

2) 选择一至两个例子.原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子.

3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子.如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可.

4) 避免重复.在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明.但是这在摘要中是不能使用的.应该删除那些突出强调的重述句.

5) 压缩长的句子.如下列两例：

“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”

可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”

“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”

可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”

6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句.请看下面的例子：

7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如：

“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them ring the winter vocation.”

可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read ring the vocation.”

8) 使用最短的连接词.比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词.通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果.

9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如：

Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”

可以用第三人称概括为：

第三步：修改成文

草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改.首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致.其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们.第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误.最后,保持语言简单明了.

经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了.

Ⅶ 英语Summary怎么写

summary

英文发音： [ˈsʌməri]

中文释义：

n.总结；概括；概要

adj.总结性的；概括的；概要的；从速从简的；即决的；草草的

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summary怎么写

英语写作summary：Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong

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