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outline怎么写

发布时间:2023-03-28 22:26:27

‘壹’ outline怎样写

第一个选择:

An outline breaks down the parts of your thesis in a clear, hierarchical manner. Most students find that writing an outline before beginning the paper is most helpful in organizing one's thoughts. If your outline is good, your paper should be easy to write.
The basic format for an outline uses an alternating series of numbers and letters, indented accordingly, to indicate levels of importance. Here is an example of an outline on a paper about the development of Japanese theater:

OUTLINE NOTES
I. Thesis: Japanese theater rose from a popular to elite and then returned to a popular art form.
II. Early theatrical forms

A. Bugaku
B. Sarugaku
C. Primitive Noh
D. Authors and Audience

III. Noh theater

A. Authors
B. Props

1. Masks

a. women
b. demons
c. old men

2. Structure of Stage

C. Themes

1. Buddhist influence
2. The supernatural

D. Kyogen interludes
E. Audience

IV. Kabuki

A. Authors
B. Props

1. make-up
2. special effects

C. Themes

1. Love stories
2. Revenge

D. Audience

V. Bunraku (puppet) theater

A. Authors
B. Props
C. Themes

1. Love stories
2. Historical romances

D. Audience

VI. Conclusion The thesis is stated in the first section, which is the introction.
The body follows the introction, and breaks down the points the author wishes to make.

Note that some section have subdivisions, others do not, depending on the demands of the paper.

In this outline, II, III, & IV all have similar structure, but this will not necessarily be true for all papers. Some may only have three major sections, others more than the five given here.

Your conclusion should restate your thesis, and never introce new material.

第二个选择:

How to Write an Outline

What is it?

An outline is a general plan of the material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper. The outline shows the order of the various topics, the relative importance of each, and the relationship between the various parts.

Order in an Outline

There are many ways to arrange the different parts of a subject. Sometimes, a chronological arrangement works well. At other times, a spatial arrangement is best suited to the material. The most common order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific. This means you begin with a general idea and then support it with specific examples.

Thesis Statement of Summarizing Sentence

All outlines should begin with a thesis statement of summarizing sentence. This thesis sentence presents the central idea of the paper. It must always be a complete, grammatical sentence, specific and brief, which expresses the point of view you are taking towards the subject.

Types of Outlines

The two main types of outlines are the topic outline and the sentence outline. In the topic outline, the headings are given in single words or brief phrases. In the sentence outline, all the headings are expressed in complete sentences.

Rules for Outlining

1. Subdivide topics by a system of numbers and letters, followed by a period.

Example:

I.

A.

B.

1.

2.

a.

b.

II.

A.

B.

2. Each heading and subheading must have at least two parts.

3. Headings for parts of the paper of speech such as, Introction and Conclusion, should not be used.

4. Be consistent. Do not mix up the two types of outlines. Use either whole sentences of brief phrases, but not both.

Examples

Topic Outline

Choices in College and After

Thesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work.

I. Two decisions described

A. Art history or chemistry

1. Professional considerations

2. Personal considerations

B. A third year of French?

1. Practical advantages of knowing a foreign language

2. Intellectual advantages

3. The issue of necessity

II. Definition of the problem

A. Decisions about occupation

B. Decisions about a kind of life to lead

III. Temporary resolution of the problem

A. To hold open a professional possibility: chemistry

B. To take advantage of cultural gains already made: French

Sentence Outline

Choices in College and After

Thesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work.

I. I have two decisions to make with respect to choosing college courses in the immediate future.

A. One is whether to elect a course in art history or in chemistry.

1. One time in my life, I planned to be a chemical engineer professionally.

2. On the other hand, I enjoy art and plan to travel and see more of it.

B. The second decision is whether to continue a third year of French beyond the basic college requirement.

1. French might be useful both in engineering and travel.

2. Furthermore, I am eager to read good books which are written in French.

3. How necessary are these considerations in the light of other courses I might take instead?

II. My problem can be put in the form of a dilemma involving larger questions about my whole future.

A. On the one hand I want to hold a highly-trained position in a lucrative profession.

B. On the other hand I want to lead a certain kind of life, with capacities for values not connected with the making of money.

III. I will have to make a decision balancing the conflicting needs I have described.

A. I will hold open the professional possibilities by electing chemistry.

B. I will improve and solidify what cultural proficiency in another language I have already gained, by electing French.

第三个选择:
How to Write an Outline

An outline is a list of topics, of sentences, or of questions you intend to answer in your essay. The outline is the over-all plan of your essay. It determines what central points your paper is going to make and how they will be organized, to support your thesis.

Steps
All parts of the outline should be constructed and organized to support your thesis or central point. Therefore, before you begin the outline you have to have a sense of what you will argue in the paper: you have to be clear about your thesis statement.
Main Categories. Arrange your general ideas in main categories. These are the main topics of your essay. Arrange your main categories in the order you discuss them.
To help you arrange your categories: look at your main categories, with your thesis in mind, try to find a way that the labels might be arranged in a sentence or two that supports your argument.
Sub-categories (Paragraphs). Within each general category list and arrange the paragraphs that support the category.
Sentences. Within each sub-category list and arrange your specific notes to support the argument made on that paragraph. This is the order of sentences in the paragraph.
The arrangement of caregories, sub-categories and sentences should present a clear, logical argument to support your thesis. Read here about Methods of proving a topic sentence.
Also, the different sections should relate logically to each other. Read here about Logic in Argumentative Writing.
Organize the outline according to your purposes: Are you attempting to show the chronology of some historical development, the cause-and-effect relationship between one phenomenon and another, the process by which something is accomplished, or the logic of some position? Are you defining or analyzing something? Comparing or contrasting one thing to another? Presenting an argument (one side or both)?
Some methods of organizing:
Climactic arrangement: one that works up to your strongest point, which is delivered as a kind of grand finale.
The inctive argument: in which you build up the evidence first, and then draw conclusions.
A problem-solution format: involves presenting the problem first and then outlining the solution.
More Principles of Organization.

Tips
A sample of a topic outline.
An outline can be written as a topic outline, in which you use only short phrases to suggest ideas, or as a sentence outline, in which you use full sentences (even very brief paragraphs) to show the development of ideas more fully.

Warnings
Your paper depends on it! A good outline enhances the organization and coherence of your paper. The outline can help you organize your material, stay focused, be clear, discover connections between pieces of information that you weren't aware of, make you aware of material that is not really relevant to the purposes of your paper, help you fill in gaps, etc.
Watch who that you communicate with if On-Line.

‘贰’ outline怎么写

outline
v.概述;略述;显示…的轮廓;勾勒…的外形
n.概述;梗概;轮廓线;略图
第三人称单数洞稿: outlines
复数: outlines
现在分词: outlining
过去式: outlined
过去分词: outlined

(2)outline怎么写扩展阅读

The report outlined possible uses for the new weapon.

该报告概述了这种新式武器的'可能用途。

The proposals were given in outline by the Secretary of State.

国务卿对提议进行了简要的概述。

The book describes in outline the main findings of the research.

本书扼要叙述了主要的研者颤御究首岩结果。

‘叁’ 英语论文的outline具体格式是什么呀

英语论文提纲outline格式:

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。

4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。

主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

5、论文正文:

引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。

论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:提出-论点;分析问题-论据和论证;解决问题-论证与步骤;结论。

6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-2005文后参考文献着录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息

所列参考文献的要求是:所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。所列举的参考文献要标明序号、着作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。论文提纲也可以用最简单的格式和分类,简单明了地说明论文的目的、依据和意义,甚至是两句话。

这种提纲往往是用于科学论文,而且在对于各种概念有相互联系而不是孤立的出来讨论的情况下。如果总要分出1、2、3......点来写的话,往往会变成“八股文”的模式,这样的论文往往是应付拍前碰式的论文,其真正的科学价值会大打折扣。

(3)outline怎么写扩展阅读:

通常情况下,撰写论文提纲有5大要求:

1、要有全局观念,从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当,篇幅的长短是否合适,每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的,作者以浙江××市某企业为例,说只要干部在改革中以身作则,与职工同甘共苦,可以取得多数职工的理解。

2、从中心论点出发,决定材料的取舍,把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃,尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失,才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵,舍不得剪裁去,也就缝制不成合身的衣服。

为了成衣,必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以,我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的,离开了这一点,无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。

3、要考虑各袭谈部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病,是论点和论据没有必然联系,有的只限于反复阐述论点,而缺乏切实有力的论据;有的材料一大堆,论点不明确;有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系,这样的论文都是不合乎要求的,这样的论文是没有说服力的。

为了有说服力,必须有虚有实,有论点有例证,理论和实际相结合,论证过程有严密的逻辑性,拟提纲时特别要注意这一点,检查这一点。

4、论悔敏文的基本结构由序论、本论、结论三大部分组成。序论、结论这两部分在提纲中部应比较简略。本论则是全文的重点,是应集中笔墨写深写透的部分,因此在提纲上也要列得较为详细。本论部分至少要有两层标准,层层深入,层层推理,以便体现总论点和分论点的有机结合,把论点讲深讲透。

5、安排好论文的篇幅。如全文大约多少字,各部分大约多少字。有了这个安排,写作时就可以更有计划,避免东拉西扯,离题太远。至于一篇论文到底以多长篇幅为好,这并无规定。一般说来,篇幅过短,难以把问题分析得深刻、透彻。

同样,洋洋数万言的论文也不容易写好,很容易变成资料的堆砌,杂乱无章。从当前教育科研的实际情况来看,一篇论文的篇幅一般以四千到八千字左右为好,这也比较符合阅读者的心理。

‘肆’ 请教各位:outline格式是怎样的

英语论文提纲outline格式:

1.论文题目:准确、简洁、醒目、新颖。

2.目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简短列表。(短文不需要列出)

3、小结:是文章的主要内容摘录,简短、精练、完整。字数可以少于几十个字,300字以上为宜。

4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的标题、摘要和正文中挑选出来的,是表达论文中心内容具有实质性意义的词汇。关键词是用来标记文章内容特点的词语。一般每篇论文选择3-8个单词作为关键词,在“feed”的左下方再安排一行。

主语词是一个已经标准化的词。在确定主题词时,应根据索引和分组规则,对论文进行主题化,并在主题词表中转换为标准词。

5.主要内容:

引言:引言,又称前言、前言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言部分应概述作者的意图,说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文的范围。引言应该简短扼要,紧扣主题。

论文主体:论文主体是论文的主体。主体包括:陈述-论证;分析问题-论点和论点;解决问题-演示和步骤;结论。

6.论文的参考文献是在论文和写作中可以被引用或引用的主要参考资料,列在论文的最后。参考文献应该是另一页,按照“gb7714-2005后的参考文献描述规则”进行标记。标题—作者御仿档—出版信息(版本地点、出版商、出版日期):作者—镇乱标题—出版信息

所列参考文献的要求是:所列参考文献必须是正式出版物,供读者核实。所列参考文献应注明序号、着作或文章名称、作者、出版资料。论文的提纲也可以采用最简单的格式和分类,简单明了地陈述论文的目的、依据和意义,甚至两句话。

这样的大纲经常用于科学论文中,其中的概念是相关的,而不是单独讨论。如果一,二,三…点代写,往往会变成“八股文”模式,这样的论文往往是临摹论文,其真正的科学价值会大大降低。

(4)outline怎么写扩展阅读:

其他文件格式

参考格式是指为撰写论文而引用已发表文献的格式。按参考文献类型可分为专着[M]、会议论文集[C]、报刊文章[N]、期刊文章[J]、学术论文[D]、报告[R]、标准[S]大首、专利[P]、论文[A]、期刊[G]。

许多文件格式都有开放的、标准化的或建议的格式。这些规范或建议描述了如何对数据进行编码和安排。

有时还指定是否需要特定的计算机程序来读取或处理它。有两种情况不公开文件格式。首先,开发人员将文件格式视为商业机密。其次,开发人员不愿意或者很少花时间在规范文档上。

需要注意的是,使用非公共文件格式可能会产生额外的成本。要理解这种类型的文件格式,您需要对结果文件进行反向工程,或者付钱给开发人员以获得文件格式。第二种方法通常涉及与开发人员签订的防扩散协议。无论哪种方式都既耗时又费钱。

‘伍’ outline怎么写啊

outline是梗概,概述、轮廓的意思

1、n.梗概,大纲,提纲,草稿,要点,主要原则;外形,轮廓,轮廓线,轮廓画法,略图(画法)。

2、vt.概述;略述;画轮廓,打草图,描略图。

outline的例句

1、Yet the outline of a deal seems clear .

可一个解决方案的轮廓似乎已很清晰。

2、On foreign policy , he has only sketched the outline .

在外交政策方悉仿大面他只是勾画出一大州个大致的轮廓。

3、Yet a group of historians soon drafted an outline .

然而一个历史团体不久就起草了一个大纲。

4、Write out the speech and practice it using an outline .

写下这篇演说并通过提纲来练习。

5、 He could see only the hazy outline of the goalposts.

他只能看见球门柱模糊的轮廓。

6、Draw your child's outline with a heavy black marker.

用浓黑色的毡笔画出你孩子的轮睁竖廓。

7、Here we outline some of the some-times conflicting forces moulding the debate.

在此我们概述一些有时影响争论的相互对立的力量。

8、With a lip pencil, outline lips and fill them in.

用唇线笔勾出双唇的轮廓,然后涂上唇膏。

9、These documents provided a broad outline of the Society's development.

这些文件勾画出了社会发展的大致框架。

10、The outline of the mysterious man was faintly visible in the mist.

这个神秘人的轮廓在雾气中隐约可见。

11、l outlined the main meaning of this article.

我概括了一下这篇文章的主要意思。

‘陆’ 一篇英语作文的outline怎么写

Then her charming smile, that smile make me feel warm. Especially in the winter. That smile are like what freesia.Winter is the season that leaves, but common in cold season flowering, which will undoubtedly give the wholewinter has brought angry. And she's like Freesia, her smile brought a glimmer of warmth to the winter season;there is no exception in the light of the sun, when the evening sunset, in the west to emit light, shining on every corner of the school, at that moment, she comes back, she smiles, that unforgettable smile, this is simply a words can not describe the 'beauty'
There is a One's childish dispos

很高兴为您解答 O(∩_∩物清或举)O~

不懂可以继续追问哟 (*^__^*)

满意请罩团前及时【采纳】 ^_^

‘柒’ 描边的英文怎么写

有两个,
Outline - 画...轮塌让慧廓,草图
Profile - 描出..轮廓,侧面像
至团答于stroke..主要的意思是用笔划道滑耐道

‘捌’ 英国Dissertation论文的Outline怎么写啊

英国dissrtation论文的outline部分一直都是很多留学生的写作难题,其实还是很简单的,只要同学们能够好好的掌握以下三点,一定能够帮助你更好的写作Dissertation论文。
1.寻找论文的主题,然后进行压缩,压缩,再压缩。
一篇Essay论文往往涵盖好几个论点,每个论点独立而又彼此递进,因此有不少留学生小伙伴在写做essay论文的时候往往缺乏综合性,导致重点有所偏颇。摘要是对全文主题的概括,所以需要我们精准地概括出论文的中心,这对我们自身的简化和概括能力是有一定挑战性的,所以厅埋饥我们的语言要尽量做到简洁凝练,并恰当地表述我们要求的目的和方法,以及最后得出的结论。
2.不要害怕争议
摘要的字数有限,所以无论我们的研究采用了怎样的方法,得出的结论是否具有说服性,我们都不需要害怕争议,而是要以陈述句来表述自己的立场。如果我们的论文所研究的是一个敏感的社会问题,也无须忌惮,因为一篇论文只有观点鲜明才具有价值,所以我们必须确保自己的研究真实有效,确保我们的立场坚定不移。另外,切记不要使用带有强烈主观色彩或侮辱性的语句,语言表述要尽量科学和客观。最后提醒小伙伴们一点,总有人会不同意你的立场,但这恰恰是学术科研的乐趣,也是论文的意义所在。
3.修改是十分必要的完善工序
在完成我们的研究和写作之前,论文的摘要部分液塌应当是十分灵活的,它可以不断地变化,而我们也需要不断地对摘要部分进行修订。众所周知,世界闻名的作家都会多次修改自己的作品,论文也不例外。当我们研究我们的主题时,研究的过程中可能会发现更多有趣的idea,而我们的观点也很可能与当初背道而驰,所以,论文的主题可能会适当地发生变化。当然,这也是研究过程中的乐趣所在。
以上就是为大家讲述的Dissertation论文Outline部分的写作方法,同学们在平时的论文写作中如果扮返在来不及询问英国大学老师一些小问题的情况下,可以咨询一些国内较为知名的留学网站,例如51Due、留学府都是非常不错的留学服务网站,希望能够帮助到大家。

‘玖’ 怎么写英语论文的outline

outline 有三种 很简约的说
1.topic outline
thesis:XXXXX(是一句话,要戚饥打句点)(下面的枯颤都是单词和短语 不打句点)
Ⅰ.XXXX
Ⅱ.XXXX
A.XXXX
1.XXX
2.XXX
B.XXXX
Ⅲ.XXXXX
2.sentence outline (格式和TOPIC OUTLINE 是一样的,但是下面的小点和层次都是一句话的形式)
thesis和下面的层次是一排起头的
3.mixed outline 格式也是一样的 但是第一层是要是一句话的 ,一下的都是短语和单词组成,是前面2种的混没仔败合体

‘拾’ 英文Essay Outline怎么写有什么方法么

1.首先要明确Essay的主旨内容
不论是中文论文还是英文论文每一篇论文都要有主旨,其主要作用是引导你Essay主题方向,同时对你对于Essay逻辑组织有很大的帮助。留学生们应该如何概括Essay的主旨呢?可以试试从下面这几个思路着手:
• 比较对照两个事物
• 列举出因果关系
• 分析特竖首殊方面
• 列出单个或两者的论证
• 提供证据并得出结论
• 列出问题然后提供解决方案
2.其次再收集资料
收集资料的同时要做好笔记,最后是要写到Reference List中去的。这些资料的可以是他人成果、数据统计、理论、实验结果等。
3.然后要思考如何通过辅助论证来支撑你所提出的主旨
举例来说:假如你现在要呈现一个历史概述,那么你可以按照历史年代来排序;假如你在辩论文学方面内容,你余宽数可能要按主题排序;假如你在某观点立场的犹豫不定的时候,建议你先列出和你立场有矛盾的证据,然后用反论证消除达到有说服力的结果。
4.接着再撰写主题提纲或者句子提纲
如果腻的Essay很有广度深度的话,那么建议你用一些短语作为主题大纲;然后用句子大纲阐述细节。
• 一般情况下你可以先用主题提纲来开始你的提纲撰写,然后再逐步转变成句子提纲。
5.然后确定主要类别
根据文章的主旨和找到的辅助材料来决定把全文的大主题分散整理到不同逻辑类别。这些类别将会被标记成罗马数字来形成提纲的第一步。
• 当写文章时,通常会用一个大点去代表一个段落:比如,一、文章的开头段,二、主体段落的第一段,等等。
6.是时候确定论点了
每个分类至少想两个论点,根据你文章的主旨和你之前收集的论据材料来选择你的分论点。这些分论点就是你提纲的第二个层级。一般它们是用英文字母标示的。
7.根据需要确定中心论点的分论点
如果有必要的话,你可以在中心论点上确定分论点。这么做会最大化你文章的逻辑性。再把这些分论点放在你提纲的第三层,并用阿拉伯数字标示。(1、2、3、4 等等)
• 为了方便标识,你可以在下一层用小写罗马字符(I、II、III、IV等等),接着用小写英文字母(a、b、c、d等等),最后可以用回阿拉伯数字(1、2、3、4,等等)
• 在写提纲时基本上不需要四个层级。如果出现这类状况,试着合并论点。
8.最把材料和你的Outline融合
通过使用罗马数字的分级来整理你的分类,论点和分论点以便巧神向读者阐明你的主旨。

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