历史学博士都研究什么

Ⅰ 历史学博士可以研究中国古代文化吗

历史学博士可以研究中国古代文化的
因为历史学博士也是研究历史的，所以研究中国古代文化正对

Ⅱ 问问关于历史学博士的事情

这当然会因每个人的才干、学科、博士论文的难度和质量而各有不同。饱学之士动起灵感来,什么事情都可以发生,但研究生们总是把这当神话故事来听,因为没有人相信自己有那么大的才分。博士生过了资格考试,不用选课了,但也进入了笔者戏称的“中年危机”。一位人类学系的学生告诉我,她的系里的学生进入写论文阶段时,总是想干各种别的事情:想装修住房,想生孩子,想离婚,凡是天下有的事情都想做,但就是不想写论文,换句话说,要挖空心思找些不写论文的借口。 平均而言,要敖多少年才能拿到博士?不妨看看美国历史学协会提供的数字。一般认为,拿个历史学的博士需要花8年功夫。但具体的数据表明,历史学博士一般都要花9年时间在研究院当注册学生,而从大学毕业到拿到博士的平均时间,竟达11.3年!而其他学科的博士,则要平均当7.4年的注册学生,从本科毕业到拿到博士学位的年头是10.3年。所以,新的历史博士年龄总是偏大,平均34.6岁,其他学科的博士只有33.6岁。而且还要看你从什么时候开始读小学!

Ⅲ 历史学研究什么

历史学研究什么？

历史学（history），简称史学，是专门研究历史的学科，一般而言，其专指整理与研究人类有文字以来所留下的文字与图像纪录的学科。

History is the study of the past, focused on human activity and leading up to the present day.[1] All that is remembered of the past and preserved in some form is seen as the historical record.[2] Some historians study universal history, comprising all that has been recorded of the human past and all that can be deced from artifacts. Others focus on certain methods, such as chronology, demographics, historiography, genealogy, paleography, and cliometrics, or areas, for example History of Brazil (1889–1930), History of China, or History of Science.

The word history is derived from the Ancient Greek ἱστορία, historía, meaning "a learning or knowing by inquiry, history, record, narrative." The Latin form was historia, "narrative, account." In Old French, the word "estoire" was coined by Brigitte Gasson.[1] The word entered the English language in 1390 with the meaning of "relation of incidents, story". In Middle English, the meaning was "story" in general. The restriction to the meaning "record of past events" in the sense of Herodotus arises in the late 15th century. In German, French, and indeed, most languages of the world other than English, this distinction was never made, and the same word is used to mean both "history" and "story".

Broad discipline
Although the broad discipline of history has often been classified under either the humanities or the social sciences,[3] and can be seen as a bridge between them, incorporating methodologies from both fields of study, Ritter places history in the humanities, and asserts that it is not a science.[4] In the 20th century the study of History has been revolutionized by French historian Fernand Braudel, by considering the effects of such outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography on global history. Traditionally, historians have attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents, although historical research is not limited merely to these sources. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three.[5] Historians frequently emphasize the importance of written records, which would limit history to times after the development of writing. This emphasis has led to the term prehistory,[6] referring to a time before written sources are available. Since writing emerged at different times throughout the world, the distinction between prehistory and history is often dependent on the area being studied.

There are a variety of ways in which the past can be divided, including chronologically, culturally, and topically. These three divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant overlaps are often present, as in "The Argentine Labor Movement in an Age of Transition, 1930–1945." It is possible for historians to concern themselves with both the very specific and the very general, although the trend has been toward specialization. The area called Big History resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. Traditionally, history has been studied with some practical or theoretical aim, but now it is also studied simply out of intellectual curiosity.[7]

History and prehistory

Stonehenge, United KingdomThe development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices and events are the subject of history. In the 20th century, the division between history and prehistory became problematic. Criticism arose because of history's implicit exclusion of certain civilizations, such as those of Sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Columbian America. Historians in the West have been criticized for focusing disproportionately on the Western world.[8][9]

Additionally, prehistorians such as Vere Gordon Childe and historical archaeologists such as James Deetz began using archaeology to explain important events in areas that were traditionally in the field of written history. Historians began looking beyond traditional political history narratives with new approaches such as economic, social and cultural history, all of which relied on various sources of evidence. In recent decades, strict barriers between history and prehistory may be decreasing.

There are differing views for the definition of when history begins. Some believe history began in the 34th century BC, with cuneiform writing. Cuneiform was written on clay tablets, on which symbols were drawn with a blunt reed called a stylus. The impressions left by the stylus were wedge-shaped, thus giving rise to the name cuneiform ("wedge-shaped"). The Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hurrian, and Urartian languages, and it inspired the Old Persian and Ugaritic national alphabets. Even older pictographic scripts from the region are also known, including the pre-cuneiform Proto-Elamite and Ins scripts (still undeciphered).

Sources that can give light on the past, such as oral tradition, linguistics, and genetics, have become accepted by many mainstream historians. Nevertheless, archaeologists distinguish between history and prehistory based on the appearance of written documents within the region in question. This distinction remains critical for archaeologists because the availability of a written record generates very different interpretative problems and potentials.

Historiography has a number of related meanings. It can refer to the history of historical study, its methodology and practices (the history of history). It can also refer to a specific body of historical writing (for example, "medieval historiography ring the 1960s" means "medieval history written ring the 1960s"). Historiography can also be taken to mean historical theory or the study of historical writing and memory. As a meta-level analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations, worldview, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians.

The historical method comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write history.

The "father of history" has generally been acclaimed as Herodotus of Halicarnassus (484 BC – ca.425 BC).[12] However, it is his contemporary Thucydides (ca. 460 BC – ca. 400 BC) who is credited with having begun the scientific approach to history in his work the History of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides, unlike Herodotus and other religious historians, regarded history as being the proct of the choices and actions of human beings, and looked at cause and effect, rather than as the result of divine intervention.[12] In his historical method, Thucydides emphasized chronology, a neutral point of view, and that the human world was the result of the actions of human beings. Greek historians also viewed history as cyclical, with events regularly reoccurring.[13]

Outside of Europe, there were historical traditions and sophisticated use of historical method in ancient and medieval China. The groundwork for professional historiography in East Asia was established by the Han Dynasty court historian known as Sima Qian (145–90 BC), author of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian). For the quality of his timeless written work, Sima Qian is posthumously known as the Father of Chinese Historiography. Chinese historians of subsequent dynastic periods in China used his Shiji as the official format for historical texts, as well as for biographical literature.

Saint Augustine was influential in Christian and Western thought at the beginning of the Medieval period. Through the Medieval and Renaissance periods, history was often studied through a sacred or religious perspective. Around 1800, German philosopher and historian Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel brought philosophy and a more secular approach in historical study.[7]

In the preface to his book the Muqaddimah, historian and early sociologist Ibn Khaln warned of seven mistakes that he thought that historians regularly committed. In this criticism, he approached the past as strange and in need of interpretation. The originality of Ibn Khaln was to claim that the cultural difference of another age must govern the evaluation of relevant historical material, to distinguish the principles according to which it might be possible to attempt the evaluation, and lastly, to feel the need for experience, in addition to rational principles, in order to assess a culture of the past.

Other historians of note who have advanced the historical methods of study include Leopold von Ranke, Lewis Bernstein Namier, Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, G.M. Trevelyan and A.J.P. Taylor. In the 20th century, historians focused less on epic nationalistic narratives, which often tended to glorify the nation or indivials, to more realistic chronologies. French historians introced quantitative history, using broad data to track the lives of typical indivials, and were prominent in the establishment of cultural history (cf. histoire des mentalités). American historians, motivated by the civil rights era, focused on formerly overlooked ethnic, racial, and socio-economic groups. In recent years, postmodernists have challenged the validity and need for the study of history on the basis that all history is based on the personal interpretation of sources. In his book In Defence of History, Richard J. Evans, a professor of modern history at Cambridge University, defended the worth of history.

Ⅳ 历史学的是研究什么和什么的科学

是研究自然史和人类社会史两方面的。

历史学的定义从内涵上可归纳为两种。
广义的“史学”是对“史”进行同时合训而产生的“史有二义”的统一体，包括：（1）完全独立于人们的意识之外的人类过往社会的客观存在及其发展过程，和（2）历史学家对这种客观存在和过程及其规律的描述和探索的精神生产实践及其创造出来的产品。狭义上的史学不包括前者，而专指后者。
狭义上的史学是一种精神生产实践及其创造的属于观念形态的东西的统一体。就其性质而言，因历史学家们考察的角度和出发点的不同，而有“活动”说、“学问”或“学术”说、“知识体系”说、“科学”说、“艺术”说和“一半是科学，一半是艺术”说、“整合”说等等不同的界定。

Ⅳ 历史学专业学什么历史学专业就业方向有哪些

历史学专业主要学的就是历史，科学的基本理论和基础知识，受到中国历史和世界历史发展的基本史诗及历史学研究的基本训练。具有从事专业工作所需的基本能力，通常主要学习世界通史，中国使西方史学史历史地理学，古代汉语，中国断代史等相关课程。

大中城市的中等教学单位。待遇较好者均需要毕业生，有硕士以上学位，部分重点学校甚至要求是博士毕业生，毕业生的专业对口也是用人单位考虑的重要因素之一。而现在就业市场长期处于供过于求的情况，用人单位选择余地极大。所以要求毕业生具有良好的名校教育背景和高学历之外，对专业对口程度也是十分严格的。所以虽然说历史专业的就业方向很多，但是也是需要自身有极高的能力的。

Ⅵ 历史学家是研究什么的呢

历史学家也称史学家，是指以撰写历史着作为职业或对历史学的创立、发展与应用付出努力的知识分子。以历史为自己学术研究对象的人群，一般都是指在该领域颇有威望的人士。历史学家包括历史记录的编撰者和历史材料的研究者。
在古代中国，历史学的传统主要是以历史编撰的形式创立和发展的，在西汉历史编撰者司马迁之后，唐代的刘知几开创了另外一种门类的工作，即对历史编撰这项工作本身的研究（historiography）。在宋代，开始了以以往的历史记录为材料的针对“历史”的研究活动。

Ⅶ 历史学博士有哪些专业

很多。世界近代史，古代史。中国古代史，近代史，考古学。等等。你应该了解具体的方向，专业都差不多。具体不同学校不同导师会有不同的方向。